Bijlagen bij COM(2025)547 - Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034 - Hoofdinhoud
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| dossier | COM(2025)547 - Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034. |
|---|---|
| document | COM(2025)547  |
| datum | 16 juli 2025 |
- actions relating to the projects of common interests with Union dimension relating to the completion of a smart, resilient and sustainable trans-European transport network;
- actions relating to the projects of common interest with cross-border dimension with third countries implementing the trans-European transport network in accordance with Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1679;
2) to adapt parts of the trans-European transport network for the dual use of the transport infrastructure with a view to improving both civilian and military mobility.
Specific objectives in the energy sector are:
1) to contribute to the development of projects of common interest and projects of mutual interest as set out in Article 18 of Regulation (EU) 2022/869, with a view to promoting the completion of the Energy Union, the integration of an efficient and competitive internal energy market, and the interoperability of networks across borders and sectors, to facilitating decarbonisation of the economy, to promoting energy efficiency and to ensuring security of supply;
2) to facilitate cross-border cooperation in the field of renewable energy, through the support of cross-border projects in the field of renewable energy or through competitive bidding for new renewable energy projects under the Union renewable energy financing mechanism established by Article 33 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, with a view to achieving the Union’s objectives in terms of decarbonisation, competitiveness, completion of the internal energy market and security of supply in a cost-efficient manner.
1.3.3.Expected result(s) and impact
Specify the effects which the proposal/initiative should have on the beneficiaries/groups targeted.
For transport, CEF aims at contributing to the completion of the trans-European transport network (TEN-T), with the focus on completing the core and extended core network by 2030 and 2040. In this context, CEF will in particular concentrate on infrastructure projects with a strong cross-border dimension. CEF will also help to roll-out interoperable and smart mobility solutions on the TEN-T network (for example by deploying European traffic management systems) and facilitate the EU transition towards sustainable mobility (for example by establishing onshore power supply for vessels in TEN-T ports). CEF can also increase connectivity to 3rd countries by developing the cross-border sections of the TEN-T corridors to candidate countries. In addition, CEF adapt parts of the TEN-T for the dual use of the transport infrastructure with a view to improving both civilian and military mobility.
CEF Energy is an integral part of the Trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) policy framework, which is focused on linking the energy systems of EU Member States. It provides financial support to projects of highest added value for the Union that have a significant cross-border impact. CEF Energy also supports cross-border cooperation in the field of renewable energy through funding awarded to relevant projects.
CEF Energy supports the implementation of key cross-border projects that contribute to: better interconnection of Member States’ electricity, hydrogen and CO2 networks, the digitalisation of energy grids, the development of offshore grids, and the integration of storage and electrolyser capacities into the grids. These in turn will enable the integration of an increasing share of renewable energy sources and system integration across energy vectors, thereby leading to the decarbonisation of the energy system, secure and affordable energy supply for consumers, better market integration, and competitiveness of industry.
By providing support to cross-border projects directly at EU level, CEF helps overcome coordination problems that arise from the multi-jurisdictional nature of the projects. With its efficient modus operandi, CEF addresses market failures and helps leverage further investment and funding from other sources, such as national budgets, national energy tariff systems and notably the private sector, using the full range of tools available under the Financial Regulation. CEF is a proven instrument for project promoters of cross-border infrastructure since it provides one contact point, one grant agreement and one set of rules to follow also for the monitoring and auditing scheme.
1.3.4.Indicators of performance
Specify the indicators for monitoring progress and achievements.
The Programme is to be implemented in accordance with Regulation (EU) [XXX]* of the European Parliament and of the Council [Performance Regulation] which establishes the rules for the expenditure tracking and the performance framework for the budget. The Regulation contains a set of intervention fields with indicators that will be used for the relevant investments in transport and energy infrastructure done under CEF.
1.4.The proposal/initiative relates to:
a new action
a new action following a pilot project / preparatory action 30
the extension of an existing action
a merger or redirection of one or more actions towards another/a new action
1.5.Grounds for the proposal/initiative
1.5.1.Requirement(s) to be met in the short or long term including a detailed timeline for roll-out of the implementation of the initiative
Building on the positive experience with the implementation of CEF Transport and Energy since 2014, the Commission presents a proposal for the successor of CEF in the context of the preparation of the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) post-2027. The programme concentrates on projects with a strong cross-border dimension and high EU added value which require particular EU steer to be implemented in a coordinated manner between Member States across borders.
In the transport sector, CEF contributes to the completion of core network of the trans-European transport network (TEN-T) by 2030 and the extended core network by 2040 through building and upgrading infrastructure that is required for seamless cross-border transport operations. This will lead to a high-performing network for passengers and goods transportation. CEF also supports the adaptation of relevant parts of the TEN-T network to military mobility requirements.
In the energy sector, CEF contributes to the development of projects of common interest and projects of mutual interest as set out in Article 18 of Regulation (EU) 2022/869, with a view to promoting the completion of the Energy Union, the integration of an efficient and competitive internal energy market and the interoperability of networks across borders and sectors, to facilitating decarbonisation of the economy, to promoting energy efficiency and to ensuring security of supply. Furthermore, CEF facilitates cross-border cooperation in the field of renewable energy, through cross-border renewable energy projects or competitive bidding for new renewable energy projects under the Union renewable energy financing mechanism.
The programme should be operational with the start of the next MFF beginning of 2028. Details for the implementation of the programme such as timetables of the calls for proposals, their topic and indicative budget or detailed rules on eligibility and award criteria will be laid down in the work programmes. CEF Transport in particular allocates its last funds in 2025 already and project promoters of major infrastructure projects will face a funding gap for the remaining years of the current MFF. The timely launching of the next CEF and the early allocation of EU funds to beneficiaries is therefore of essence.
Regarding the management mode for the implementation of the programme, it is proposed to continue with the efficient and targeted delivery under direct management by the Commission. The possible renewed delegation to an executive agency, such as the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA) under the current MFF, will be subject to the outcome of the cost-benefit analysis and related decisions to be taken.
1.5.2.Added value of EU involvement (it may result from different factors, e.g. coordination gains, legal certainty, greater effectiveness or complementarities). For the purposes of this section 'added value of EU involvement' is the value resulting from EU action, that is additional to the value that would have been otherwise created by Member States alone.
Article 171 of the TFEU empowers the Union to define projects of common interest in TENs infrastructure while leaving the Member States to choose the methods of implementation. The same Article empowers the Union to support such projects of common interest as well as projects of mutual interest with third countries.
The scale and the type of the problems targeted by CEF specifically require Union action since they are by nature Union-wide and can be more efficiently resolved at Union level, leading to overall greater benefits, more accelerated implementation and reduction of costs if the Commission coordinates Member States’ actions. Union funding is also the appropriate means to address the financing challenges that cross-border projects typically face: the unequal distribution of project benefits and project costs between the different Member States concerned makes it more difficult to finance these projects from national funding sources.
TEN-T and TEN-E infrastructure: Given their cross-border nature, TEN-T and TEN-E projects create significant positive externalities at EU level and foster solidarity between Member States, but also entail specific challenges for project promoters, due to their multi-jurisdictional nature, coordination problems and an often asymmetrical distribution of costs and benefits. They therefore require EU level support. Also for seamless military mobility across the Union an instrument that coordinates funding across Member States is needed.
Renewable energy: Cross-border cooperation between Member States, or between Member States and third countries, in the field of renewable energy is key to achieve the Union’s objectives in terms of decarbonisation, competitiveness, completion of the internal energy market and security of supply in a cost-efficient manner. However, only a few Member States explain how they intend to establish a framework for the cooperation on joint projects with one or more Member States in their final national energy and climate plans submitted in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1999. There is a risk that cross-border cooperation will remain at a sub-optimal level in the absence of Union financial assistance.
Expected generated EU added value (ex-post)
CEF provides EU added value through the development of connectivity in transport and energy and of cross-border cooperation on renewable energy, by focusing on public goods with a European dimension and on projects that would not be realised without EU support. More specifically, the EU added value of CEF resides in its capacity to:
–Steer public and private finance towards EU policy objectives;
–Enable key investments where the costs are borne at national/local level whereas the benefits are tangible on a European scale;
–Accelerate the shift to a low-carbon, digital and resilient infrastructure.
EU support from the new CEF programme focuses on actions that carry the highest EU added value. More specifically:
In the field of transport, it covers cross-border sections and bottlenecks mainly on the TEN-T core and extended core network and projects on the EU Priority Military Mobility Corridors.
In the field of energy, CEF aims to improve energy market integration and interoperability of energy networks across borders, decarbonisation, energy efficiency, resilience and security of supply, and to facilitate cross-border cooperation in the field of energy including renewable energy. These cross-border projects that will be eligible for CEF Energy funding constitute the missing links in the development of a fully interconnected and decarbonised energy system, as they are not sufficiently promoted or prioritised by Member States and operators at national level. CEF contributes to the realisation of these cross-border projects by supporting sector-specific activities in the form of studies and works.
1.5.3.Lessons learned from similar experiences in the past
The ex-post evaluation of CEF 2014-2020 and the interim evaluation of CEF 2021-2027 are being conducted in parallel and work is well advanced.
Preliminary findings of both CEF evaluations confirm that the programme performed well to date. The design of the instrument is appropriate to address a historic lack of funding into cross-border infrastructure with high EU added value by ringfencing funding for these projects into a dedicated instrument. There is good coherence with other EU funding instruments and policies, in particular on decarbonisation. Its governance model using competitive calls for proposals and direct management of funds at a centralised agency is well-suited to address the programme’s needs and provide a level playing field for applicants. CEF funding is consistently deemed indispensable, enabling crucial transport and energy projects that would otherwise face significant delays, reduced scope, or not be realised at all due to insufficient national or private funding. Beyond direct financial support, CEF provides significant leverage, attracting additional public and private capital and acting as a strategic anchor for investment.
1.5.4.Compatibility with the multiannual financial framework and possible synergies with other appropriate instruments
The initiative is part of the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework proposal.
CEF should focus on supporting cross-border projects on the TEN-T and TEN-E networks, as well as projects for seamless military mobility across the Union and projects in the field of renewable energy cooperation.
Member States investments in the TEN-T network under their National and Regional Partnership Plans should complement CEF investments, in particular on national sections which connect to the cross-border links indicated in the CEF annex and to finance national energy grid infrastructure and generation.
In the area of energy, the National and Regional Partnership Plans can reinforce the energy infrastructure investments provided by CEF, for instance through investment in energy assets that do not have a cross-border nature but are equally important for the energy transition.
The extension of the TEN-T corridors to candidate countries and transport and energy infrastructure in third countries should be supported in close coordination with Global Europe.
Horizon Europe will continue to support Research and Innovation in transport and energy and will be tightly connected to the European Competitiveness Fund covering the scale-up and deployment of cutting-edge innovative solutions for the decarbonisation, digitalisation and resilience of transport and energy. The European Competitiveness Fund will also be complementary to CEF by offering the possibilities of guarantees for infrastructure projects.
1.5.5.Assessment of the different available financing options, including scope for redeployment
While the closer link between EU funding and policy priorities of the plans would enhance their cross-border dimension, with the steering mechanism ensuring a stronger focus on cross-border projects with a high EU added-value, the implementation of cross-border infrastructure projects through the plans would be more complex and costly for both Member States’ authorities and project promoters. For the Member States to align their investment agendas with those of neighbouring countries would be a lengthy process, both during the initial plan negotiations and in case of amendments. Germany for instance would have to coordinate its national plan with eight neighbouring Member States; Hungary with five. In cases where the process is delayed in one or more Member States, this may cause knock-on delays. While the Commission could support these coordination efforts – both during the negotiations and through the provision of technical assistance via the plans –, the burden for Member States’ authorities would remain significant. This could also significantly increase the administrative burden for project promoters, who would need to implement their cross-border projects under several national plans and report within separate reporting and audit schemes (one per Member State).
This being said, the IA underscored that the National and Regional Partnership Plans could cater for complementary investments to cross-border sections and to projects of high EU relevance.A dedicated instrument in direct management will ensure that cross-border projects are financed based on a competitive approach with the selection of projects of highest quality, maturity and EU added value. Beneficiaries have a single contact point and a single procedure for the application and for the implementation of a project. Additionally, the projects are closely monitored by the Commission.
1.6.Duration of the proposal/initiative and of its financial impact
limited duration
–in effect from 01/01/2028 to 31/12/2034
– financial impact from 2028 to 2034 for commitment appropriations and from 2028 to 2040 for payment appropriations.
unlimited duration
–Implementation with a start-up period from YYYY to YYYY,
–followed by full-scale operation.
1.7.Method(s) of budget implementation planned
Direct management by the Commission
– by its departments, including by its staff in the Union delegations;
– by the executive agencies
Shared management with the Member States
Indirect management by entrusting budget implementation tasks to:
– third countries or the bodies they have designated
– international organisations and their agencies (to be specified)
– the European Investment Bank and the European Investment Fund
– bodies referred to in Articles 70 and 71 of the Financial Regulation
–public law bodies
– bodies governed by private law with a public service mission to the extent that they are provided with adequate financial guarantees
– bodies governed by the private law of a Member State that are entrusted with the implementation of a public-private partnership and that are provided with adequate financial guarantees
– bodies or persons entrusted with the implementation of specific actions in the common foreign and security policy pursuant to Title V of the Treaty on European Union, and identified in the relevant basic act
–bodies established in a Member State, governed by the private law of a Member State or Union law and eligible to be entrusted, in accordance with sector-specific rules, with the implementation of Union funds or budgetary guarantees, to the extent that such bodies are controlled by public law bodies or by bodies governed by private law with a public service mission, and are provided with adequate financial guarantees in the form of joint and several liability by the controlling bodies or equivalent financial guarantees and which may be, for each action, limited to the maximum amount of the Union support.
Comments:
The Programme shall be implemented in direct and indirect management in accordance with the Financial Regulation. Mirroring the 2014-2020 period and the 2021-2027 period, most of the budget could be implemented through delegation to an executive agency. In which case, only programme support actions would be managed directly by the Commission.
2. MANAGEMENT MEASURES
2.1.Monitoring and reporting rules
The Programme is to be implemented in accordance with Regulation (EU) [XXX]* of the European Parliament and of the Council [Performance Regulation] which establishes the rules for the expenditure tracking and the performance framework for the budget, including monitoring, evaluation and reporting arrangements for all programmes.
2.2.Management and control system(s)
2.2.1.Justification of the budget implementation method(s), the funding implementation mechanism(s), the payment modalities and the control strategy proposed
The programme will be implemented through direct management. It is expected to be delegated to an executive agency, while some programme support measures will be managed directly by the Commission. The established executive agency CINEA has the necessary structure and processes to ensure the continued management of CEF.
The programme will be principally implemented through grants, which are the appropriate funding instrument for large-scale infrastructure and energy generation projects.
The control strategy will be set up accordingly and will focus on three key stages of grant implementation, in accordance with the Financial Regulation, namely the organisation of calls and the selection of proposals that fit the policy objectives of the programme, operational, monitoring and ex ante controls that cover project implementation, public procurement, pre-financing, interim and final payments, as well as ex-post controls and payments.
This control strategy is expected to deliver performance results in line with the metrics observed for the last iteration of the programme:
~100% of execution of commitment and payment and payment appropriation;
~100% of beneficiaries informed on time;
~100% of the grants signed on time;
~100% of payments made on time;
~ Risk at payment and closure on an annual basis under the 2% materiality threshold.
2.2.2.Information concerning the risks identified and the internal control system(s) set up to mitigate them
The risks identified remain broadly identical to those identified for the previous versions of the programme:
Slower than intended development of the key priorities (Corridors, Projects of Common interest), due to an insufficient market uptake or to the quality of projects presented;
Delays in the implementation of the project;
Unavailability of performance data or problems of data quality;
Possible errors or mismanagement of EU funds, including potential double funding risk and complexity of the rules
External risks affecting in a material way infrastructure and/or priorities, such as geopolitical risks or major climatic events.
External risks affecting the availability of funding or market conditions, in particular should there be a reduction in the demand for infrastructure or in credit supply as was the case in the last financial crisis.
The key control functions developed for the previous iteration of the programme are expected to remain valid, ensuring attention is given to the competitiveness of the project pipeline, focus on the policy objectives, ensuring the involvement of all actors, appropriate budgetary flexibility and consistent ex-ante and ex-post controls.
The risks are to be addressed, by ensuring attention is given to the competitiveness and preparation of the project pipeline, by focussing on the contributions of the projects to the policy objectives, by ensuring a systematic involvement of all actors, by maintaining appropriate budgetary flexibility. The set of ex-ante and ex-post controls will be adapted to the perceived risks level.
The controls will to this avail be supported by a yearly bottom up risk assessment, by a systematic assessment of the control framework, by an appropriate reporting of deviations (exception and non-compliance register) and by corrective actions undertaken with regard to recommendations issued by the Internal Audit Service, by the European Court of Auditors, or by the Discharge Authority.
2.2.3.Estimation and justification of the cost-effectiveness of the controls (ratio between the control costs and the value of the related funds managed), and assessment of the expected levels of risk of error (at payment & at closure)
Cost and benefits of controls
Assuming largest part of the programme is expected to be implemented by the CINEA executive agency, ensuring a cost of control comparable to that of the current CEF. The limited number of grants implemented directly by Commission services could be subject to higher costs of control, due to the low individual values of these grants and to the absence of economies of scale.
For the projects managed by the executive agency, the cost of control for the current CEF was divided between the cost of oversight at Commission level and the cost of operational controls at implementing body level.
The cost of the controls at Commission level, in both DGs involved, is estimated 31 to be around 0,1% of the operational payment appropriations at programme level.
These controls aim at ensuring a smooth and effective oversight of the Agency by its parent DGs and at ensuring the necessary degree of assurance at Commission level.
At constant perimeter, an increase of the cost of supervision at Commission level should be expected to reflect the extended requirements as regard the oversight of executive agencies well as the additional effort that will be linked to the provision of assurance on the changes to the programme.
CINEA presents a stable control environment. The cost of control at agency level is expected to remain in or close to the range observed over 2021-2024 (0.9% to 1.3%). However the capacity building necessary to adapt to changes to the programme or to adjust control processes may translate into an increased cost of controls. The benefits of the controls are the following:
- Avoiding the selection of weaker or inadequate proposals;
- Optimising the planning and the use of EU funds, so as to preserve EU added value;
- Ensuring the quality of the grant agreements, avoiding errors in the identification of legal entities, ensuring the correct calculation of the EU contributions and taking the necessary guarantees for a correct operation of the grants;
- Detection of ineligible costs at payment stage;
- Detection of errors affecting the legality and regularity of operations at audit stage;
- Increase reliability of information provided to the Commission.
The opportunity to introduce simplified cost options will be considered, subject to a positive cost benefit assessment as to their effect on the error rate, on the costs of controls and on the effectiveness and efficiency of controls.
Estimated level of error
The estimated risk at payment and at closure are both estimated to remain under 2% on an annual basis, in the same range as the error rates observed for CEF2.
2.3.Measures to prevent fraud and irregularities
The Commission's Directorates-General responsible for the actions financed under this Regulation are committed to protect the financial interests of the Union in line with the Commission Anti-fraud strategy COM(2019) 196 final and its revised action plan COM(2023) 405 final.
The anti-fraud measues cover notably the application of preventive measures against fraud, corruption and any other illegal activities; effective checks; the recovery of amounts unduly paid and, if irregularities are detected, effective, proportional and dissuasive penalties, in accordance with Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95, Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 and with Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
DG MOVE and ENER, as well as the implementing agency CINEA, have updated their anti-fraud strategies and related action plans at DG level that cover the entire expenditure cycle, taking into account the proportionality and the cost-benefit of the measures to be implemented, allowing for a risk assessment of the programme.
The three services will ensure that their fraud risk management approach is used to identifying high-risk areas, taking into account a sector-specific cost-benefit analysis by DG and the fraud prevention and risk analysis work of OLAF.
The administrative monitoring of the contracts, grants and related payments fall under the remit of CINEA. The Anti-fraud strategy is updated every two years, the last time in 2024. The Agency develops its own anti-fraud measures, including an ex-post audit strategy to assess the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions and to recover the amounts unduly paid. CINEA is yearly subject to the European Court of Auditors audit on the true and fair view of accounts and legality and regularity of the underlying transactions (income and expenditure) and the Agency is yearly subject to the discharge procedures of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU.
Contracts for grants and procurement concluded by the implementing DGs or CINEA will be based on standard models, which will set out the generally applicable anti-fraud measures, including the power of audit, on-the-spot checks and inspections mentioned above. The Commission, its representatives and the Court of Auditors will have the power of audit, on the basis of documents and on-the-spot, over all grant beneficiaries, contractors and subcontractors who have received Union funds.
The European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF) shall be authorised to carry out on-the-spot checks and inspections on economic operators concerned directly or indirectly by such funding in accordance with the procedures laid down in Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 with a view to establishing whether there has been fraud, corruption or any other illegal activity affecting the financial interests of the European Union in connection with a grant agreement or decision or a contract concerning Union funding. The European Public Prosecutor Office (EPPO) will have the necessary accesses to exert its competences in accordance with Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939.
3. ESTIMATED FINANCIAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL/INITIATIVE
3.1.Heading(s) of the multiannual financial framework and expenditure budget line(s) affected Existing budget lines
In order of multiannual financial framework headings and budget lines.
| Heading of multiannual financial framework | Budget line | Type of expenditure | Contribution | |||
| Number | Diff./Non-diff. 32 | from EFTA countries 33 | from candidate countries and potential candidates 34 | From other third countries | other assigned revenue | |
·New budget lines requested
In order of multiannual financial framework headings and budget lines.
| Heading of multiannual financial framework | Budget line | Type of expenditure | Contribution | |||
| Number | Diff./Non-diff. | from EFTA countries | from candidate countries and potential candidates | from other third countries | other assigned revenue | |
| 2 | 05 01 01 Support expenditure for CEF (Transport, Energy, Military Mobility) | /Non-diff. | NO | YES | YES | NO |
| 2 | 05 02 01 01 - CEF Transport | Diff. | NO | YES | YES | NO |
| 2 | 05 02 01 02 - CEF Military Mobility | Diff | NO | YES | YES | NO |
| 2 | 05 02 02 - CEF Energy | Diff. | NO | YES | YES | NO |
3.2.Estimated financial impact of the proposal on appropriations
3.2.1.Summary of estimated impact on operational appropriations
– The proposal/initiative does not require the use of operational appropriations
– The proposal/initiative requires the use of operational appropriations, as explained below
3.2.1.1.Appropriations from voted budget
EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Heading of multiannual financial framework | Number | 2 |
| Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | TOTAL MFF 2028-2034 | |||
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | ||||
| Operational appropriations | ||||||||||
| 05 02 01 01– CEF Transport | Commitments | (1a) | 4,282 | 4,455 | 4,637 | 4,825 | 4,517 | 5,220 | 5,428 | 33,864 |
| Payments | (2a) | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | |
| 05 02 01 02 – CEF Military Mobility | Commitments | (1b) | 2,842 | 2,899 | 2,609 | 2,483 | 2,533 | 2,214 | 2,071 | 17,651 |
| Payments | (2b) | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | |
| 05 02 02 – CEF Energy | Commitments | (1b) | 3,782 | 3,936 | 4,096 | 4,261 | 4,432 | 4,610 | 4,795 | 29,912 |
| Payments | (2b) | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | |
| Appropriations of an administrative nature financed from the envelope of specific programmes 35 | ||||||||||
| 05 01 01 | Support expenditure for CEF (Transport, Energy, Military Mobility) | (3) | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm | pm |
| TOTAL appropriations | Commitments | =1a+1b+3 | 10,906 | 11,290 | 11,342 | 11,569 | 11,982 | 12,045 | 12,294 | 81,428 |
| for DG MOVE/ENER | Payments | =2a+2b+3 |
Heading of multiannual financial framework | 4 | ‘Administrative expenditure’ 36 |
| DG | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | TOTAL MFF 2028-2034 | |||
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | |||||
| Human resources | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 81,704 | |||
| Other administrative expenditure | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 798,000 | |||
| TOTAL DG MOVE/ENER | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 879,672 | 879,704 | |||
| TOTAL appropriations under HEADING 4 of the multiannual financial framework | (Total commitments = Total payments) | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 879,672 | 879,704 |
| Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | TOTAL MFF 2028-2034 | ||
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | |||
| TOTAL appropriations under HEADINGS 1 to 4 | Commitments | ||||||||
| of the multiannual financial framework | Payments |
EUR million (to three decimal places)
3.2.2.Estimated output funded from operational appropriations (not to be completed for decentralised agencies)
The output and result indicators for the purpose of monitoring progress and achievements of this programme will correspond to the common indicators provided under Regulation (EU) [XXX]* of the European Parliament and of the Council [Performance Regulation].
3.2.3.Summary of estimated impact on administrative appropriations
– The proposal/initiative does not require the use of appropriations of an administrative nature
– The proposal/initiative requires the use of appropriations of an administrative nature, as explained below
3.2.3.1. Appropriations from voted budget
| VOTED APPROPRIATIONS | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | TOTAL 2028 - 2034 |
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | ||
| HEADING 4 | ||||||||
| Human resources | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 11,672 | 81,704 |
| Other administrative expenditure | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 114,000 | 798,000 |
| Subtotal HEADING 4 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 125,672 | 879,704 |
| Outside HEADING 4 | ||||||||
| Human resources | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. |
| Other expenditure of an administrative nature | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. |
| Subtotal outside HEADING 4 | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. |
| TOTAL | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. |
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The appropriations required for human resources and other expenditure of an administrative nature will be met by appropriations from the DG that are already assigned to management of the action and/or have been redeployed within the DG, together, if necessary, with any additional allocation which may be granted to the managing DG under the annual allocation procedure and in the light of budgetary constraints.
3.2.4.Estimated requirements of human resources
– The proposal/initiative does not require the use of human resources
– The proposal/initiative requires the use of human resources, as explained below
3.2.4.1.Financed from voted budget
Estimate to be expressed in full-time equivalent units (FTEs)
| VOTED APPROPRIATIONS | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | |
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | ||
| Establishment plan posts (officials and temporary staff) | ||||||||
| 20 01 02 01 (Headquarters and Commission’s Representation Offices) | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | |
| 20 01 02 03 (EU Delegations) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 01 (Indirect research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 11 (Direct research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other budget lines (specify) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| • External staff (in FTEs) | ||||||||
| 20 02 01 (AC, END from the ‘global envelope’) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| 20 02 03 (AC, AL, END and JPD in the EU Delegations) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Admin. Support line | - at Headquarters | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| - in EU Delegations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 02 (AC, END - Indirect research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 12 (AC, END - Direct research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other budget lines (specify) - Heading 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other budget lines (specify) – outside Heading 7 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | |
| TOTAL | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 |
3.2.4.3.Total requirements of human resources
| TOTAL VOTED APPROPRIATIONS + EXTERNAL ASSIGNED REVENUES | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | |
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | ||
| Establishment plan posts (officials and temporary staff) | ||||||||
| 20 01 02 01 (Headquarters and Commission’s Representation Offices) | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | |
| 20 01 02 03 (EU Delegations) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 01 (Indirect research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 11 (Direct research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other budget lines (specify) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| • External staff (in full time equivalent units) | ||||||||
| 20 02 01 (AC, END from the ‘global envelope’) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| 20 02 03 (AC, AL, END and JPD in the EU Delegations) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Admin. Support line | - at Headquarters | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| - in EU Delegations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 02 (AC, END - Indirect research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 01 01 01 12 (AC, END - Direct research) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other budget lines (specify) - Heading 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Support expenditure for the Secretariat for Performance Review | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | |
| TOTAL | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 |
Considering the overall strained situation in Heading 4, in terms of both staffing and the level of appropriations, the human resources required will be met by staff from the DG who are already assigned to the management of the action and/or have been redeployed within the DG or other Commission services.
The staff required to implement the proposal (in FTEs):
| · | ·To be covered by current staff available in the Commission services | ·Exceptional additional staff* | ||
| · | · | ·To be financed under Heading 7 or Research | ·To be financed from BA line | ·To be financed from fees |
| ·Establishment plan posts | ·61 | · | ·N/A | · |
| ·External staff (CA, SNEs, INT) | ·32 | · | ·10* | · |
*The 10 new FTEs correspond to the 10 posts to be received in 2028 for the Secretariat for performance review under budget line 02 01 21 02 as agreed by the co-legislators during the negotiations of Regulation (EU) 2024/2803 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on the implementation of the Single European Sky (recast).
Description of tasks to be carried out by:
| Officials and temporary staff | ·Policy development and strategy ·Support to regional and thematic fora for the identification of projects of common interest and projects of mutual interest ·Coordination and liaison with all stakeholders (Member States, third countries, other DGs and other EU institution, thematic and regional fora, etc.). ·Development of the work programme ·Selection processes ·Management of annual calls for proposals and selection of projects for EU financial support ·Operational and financial project management ·Evaluations |
| External staff | ·Support to regional and thematic fora for the identification of projects of common interest and projects of mutual interest ·Support to selection processes ·Support to management of annual calls for proposals and selection of projects for EU financial support ·Support to financial and project management ·Support to the organisation of the evaluations |
3.2.5.Overview of estimated impact on digital technology-related investments
| TOTAL Digital and IT appropriations | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | TOTAL MFF 2028 - 2034 |
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | ||
| HEADING 4 | ||||||||
| IT expenditure* (corporate) | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 5,915 |
| Subtotal HEADING 4 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 0,845 | 5,915 |
| Outside HEADING 4 | ||||||||
| Policy IT expenditure on operational programmes | 14,23 | 14,59 | 14,967 | 15,364 | 15,78 | 16,217 | 16,675 | 107,823 |
| Subtotal outside HEADING 4 | 14,23 | 14,59 | 14,967 | 15,364 | 15,78 | 16,217 | 16,675 | 107,823 |
| TOTAL | 15,075 | 15,075 | 15,075 | 15,075 | 15,075 | 15,075 | 15,075 | 113,738 |
*IT expenditure under H4 was calculated by following DG BUDG’s instruction: number of FTEs multiplied by EUR 8 200 per FTE.
3.2.6. Compatibility with the current multiannual financial framework
The proposal is consistent with the proposal for the MFF 2028 - 2034
The proposal/initiative:
– does not provide for co-financing by third parties
– provides for the co-financing by third parties estimated below:
Appropriations in EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Total | |
| 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | ||
| Specify the co-financing body | ||||||||
| TOTAL appropriations co-financed |
3.3. Estimated impact on revenue
– The proposal/initiative has no financial impact on revenue.
– The proposal/initiative has the following financial impact:
– on own resources
– on other revenue
– please indicate, if the revenue is assigned to expenditure lines
EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Budget revenue line: | Appropriations available for the current financial year | Impact of the proposal/initiative 37 | ||||||
| Year 2028 | Year 2029 | Year 2030 | Year 2031 | Year 2032 | Year 2033 | Year 2034 | ||
| Article …………. |
For assigned revenue, specify the budget expenditure line(s) affected.
Other remarks (e.g. method/formula used for calculating the impact on revenue or any other information).
4. Digital dimensions
4.1.Requirements of digital relevance
The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) will continue to support IT tools that have proven to be key for the efficient and transparent project management. Tools, such as the Single Electronic Data Interchange Area (SEDIA), eGrants, TENtec, Map-IT, EMI-ECS, QlikSense (or another Business Intelligence and Data Analytics solution that supports visualizing, exploring and analyzing data), the Transparency Platform (TP Viewer), CIRCABC, EUSurvey and ARACHNE are instrumental in this regard. In addition, CEF will continue to support the Commission implementation activities related to a range of IT systems and information exchange environments mandated by EU laws and initiatives such as ESSKY, PRIME KPI, EMSWe, eFTI, etc.
The SEDIA, through the Funding & Tenders Portal, provides a single entry point for funding and procurement processes, centralizing participants’ data and reducing manual work. eGrants covers the entire grant lifecycle, ensuring consistency and traceability. Map-IT allows encoding of both qualitative and quantitative project indicators to support thematic and country-level reporting. CIRCABC facilitates collaborative document management with version control and multilingual access. EUSurvey is used for structured data collection, while ARACHNE enhances project monitoring by identifying potential fraud risks through enriched data and risk indicators.
TENtec, the information system for the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), provides interactive maps and up-to-date reports to support transparency, informed decision-making, and public awareness. TENtec collects and stores geographical, financial and historical information about the transport network infrastructure of the EU and its neighbouring countries for the purposes of planning, political decision making and monitoring of the TEN-T programme implementation. TENtec is a system required by regulation (EU) 2024/1679. Developed with Member States and stakeholders, it provides a comprehensive overview of TEN-T policy, aids in project monitoring, and supports transport modelling and future planning. TENtec also includes data on military mobility and alternative fuels infrastructure, both of which underpin relevant political priorities, and is prone to accommodate various types of policy data that require geo-localisation.
Linked to TENtec, the European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO) is a key IT tool to support monitoring the transition to sustainable mobility as for example set out in Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 on Alternative Fuels Infrastructure. EAFO provides comprehensive, up-to-date data and statistics on alternative fuels infrastructure, vehicle uptake and national policy measures across the EU. EAFO serves as the IT tool supporting the implementation of legal obligations under Regulation (EU) 2023/1804, such as the Common EU Access Point on alternative fuels data.
EMI-ECS is an IT tool used for the selection and contracting for external experts involved in the evaluations of proposals. QlikSense is a tool used for statistics and project monitoring. The Transparency Platform and the TP Viewer are tools used to provide information and statistics on funded projects to the public.
The European Single Sky (ESSKY) platform supports stakeholders in the implementation of the Single European Sky (SES) performance and charging scheme. It provides access to relevant information through libraries and offers document submission functionality.
The Platform of European Rail Infrastructure Managers Key Performance Indicators (PRIME KPI) system enables the monitoring of key performance indicators related to railway transport. It provides a reporting platform for infrastructure managers.
The European Union C-ITS Security Credential Management System (EU CCMS) supports the deployment of C-ITS systems and technologies in Europe. It is based on central elements to support secure interoperability at European level. Directive 2010/040 on Intelligent Transport Systems defines the Commission roles in EU CCMS.
The European Maritime Single Window environment was established by Regulation (EU) 2019/1239 and is a legal and technical framework to harmonise the exchange of administrative formalities between maritime operators and authorities during a port call in the EU. It consists of a network of Maritime National Single Windows complemented by common IT components and services managed by the Commission.
The electronic freight transport information (eFTI) exchange environment is a EU-wide decentralised IT architecture, established by Regulation (EU) 2020/1056. It will support the exchange of information between operators and competent authorities for checks of compliance with six EU transport regulations and directives as well as more than 170 national legal acts regulating freight transport in the Member States.
The Galileo Green Lane solution monitors the traffic situation at TEN-T border crossings for road freight and travel time for rail freight on TEN-T corridors. It provides border officials and transporters visibility on the border situation, allowing them to see which borders are under higher load. Galileo Green Lane enables borders to meet the ‘Green Lane’ requirements, enabling the flow of traffic under 15 minutes.
The European mobility data space (EMDS) should enable data discovery and sharing from existing and future transport and mobility data sources. In the EMDS Communication (COM/2023/751 final), the Commission outlined that one of the main components is a (meta)data portal where all relevant data ecosystems could share metadata of the data types they manage and the respective access conditions.
4.2.Data
The digital tools supported by CEF are of very different nature, concern different transport modes and different actors that exchange information (Commission services, beneficiaries, national authorities, business partners, etc.). Hence the tools also process a wide range of different data. In general, they follow the once-only principle, ensuring maximum data reuse and avoiding repetitive data entry, while sharing data safely and securely.
4.3.Digital solutions
All tools described are designed to promote coherence, enhance efficiency, and ensure interoperability, thereby strengthening the overall quality of processes underpining the Commission’s services related to the CEF and support the smooth implementation of the Single market.
4.4.Interoperability assessment
All digital tools decribed are already in use by stakeholders. They demonstrate strong interoperability through standardised information exchange techniques.
For the European mobility data space, the Commission is working on the details of its deployment.
4.5.Measures to support digital implementation
The digital tools described are functioning effectively, and any future changes or improvements will be implemented in a controlled and phased manner in order to ensure continuity and avoid any disruption to operations or to the implementation of the Regulation.
(1) European Commission: Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport, Schade, W., Khanna, A., Mader, S., Streif, M. et al., Support study on the climate adaptation and cross-border investment needs to realise the TEN-T network, Publications Office of the European Union, 2024, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2832/7839720
(2) Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, amending Regulations (EU) 2021/1153 and (EU) No 913/2010 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013, OJ L, 2024/1679, 28.6.2024, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1679/oj
(3) COM/2025/124 final
(4) Article 22(4) of Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2021 establishing the Connecting Europe Facility and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1316/2013 and (EU) No 283/2014 (Text with EEA relevance) of 7 July 2021.
(5) *OJ L.., p.
(6) *OJ L.., p.
(7) Including persons with reduced mobility and disabilities.
(8) Mario Draghi, “A competitiveness strategy for Europe”, September 2024, https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness/draghi-report_en
(9) Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, amending Regulations (EU) 2021/1153 and (EU) No 913/2010 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013 (OJ L, 2024/1679, 28.6.2024)
(10) Joint White Paper for European Defence Readiness 2030, JOIN(2025) 120 final, 19 March 2025.
(11) Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2021 establishing the Connecting Europe Facility and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1316/2013 and (EU) No 283/2014 (OJ L 249, 14.7.2021, p. 38, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/1153/oj).
(12) COM/2025/85 final
(13) COM/2025/79 final
(14) ACER: Electricity infrastructure development to support a competitive and sustainable energy system, 2024 Monitoring Report, https://www.acer.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Publications/ACER_2024_Monitoring_Electricity_Infrastructure.pdf.
(15) Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1999/oj).
(16) Regulation (EU) 2022/869 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2009, (EU) 2019/942 and (EU) 2019/943 and Directives 2009/73/EC and (EU) 2019/944, and repealing Regulation (EU) No 347/2013 ( OJ L 152, 3.6.2022, p. 45, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/869/oj).
(17) Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)
(18) Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/2001/oj).
(19) Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2024 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (OJ L, 2024/2509, 26.9.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2509/oj).
(20) COM/2025/124 final
(21) Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission’s exercise of implementing powers, OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13–18.
(22) Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1074/1999,(OJ L248, 18.9.2013, p. 1. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/883/oj )
(23) Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95 of 18 December 1995 on the protection of the European Communities financial interests (OJ L312, 23.12.95, p.1). LI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1995/2988/oj ).
(24) Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 of 11 November 1996 concerning on-the-spot checks and inspections carried out by the Commission in order to protect the European Communities' financial interests against fraud and other irregularities (OJ L292, 15.11.96, p.2). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1996/2185/oj ).
(25) Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’) (OJ L283, 31.10.2017, p.1). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2017/1371/oj ).
(26) Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union's financial interests by means of criminal law (OJ L 198, 28.7.2017, p. 29).
(27) Council Decision (EU) 2021/1764 of 5 October 2021 on the association of the Overseas Countries and Territories with the European Union including relations between the European Union on the one hand, and Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark on the other (Decision on the Overseas Association, including Greenland) (OJ L 355, 7.10.2021, p. 6, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2021/1764/oj).
(28) OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_interinstit/2016/512/oj .
(29) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1328 of 10 August 2021 specifying the infrastructure requirements applicable to certain categories of dual-use infrastructure actions pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2021/1153 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 288, 11.8.2021, p. 37, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/1328/oj).
(30) As referred to in Article 58(2), point (a) or (b) of the Financial Regulation.
(31) This estimate does not include the strategic and policy aspects attached to the programme, or the supervision of CEF delegated instruments.
(32) Diff. = Differentiated appropriations / Non-diff. = Non-differentiated appropriations.
(33) EFTA: European Free Trade Association.
(34) Candidate countries and, where applicable, potential candidates from the Western Balkans.
(35) The necessary appropriations should be determined using the annual average cost figures available on the appropriate BUDGpedia webpage.
(36) As regards traditional own resources (customs duties, sugar levies), the amounts indicated must be net amounts, i.e. gross amounts after deduction of 20% for collection costs.