ANNEXES to the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) - Hoofdinhoud
| Documentdatum | 24-02-2017 |
|---|---|
| Publicatiedatum | 26-02-2017 |
| Kenmerk | 15120/16 ADD 1 REV 1 |
| Externe link | origineel bericht |
| Originele document in PDF |  |
Council of the European Union
Brussels, 24 February 2017 (OR. en)
15120/16
Interinstitutional File: ADD 1 REV 1 (en)
ENER 417 CLIMA 168 CONSOM 298 TRANS 479 AGRI 650 IND 261 ENV 757 IA 130 CODEC 1802
PROPOSAL
No. Cion doc.: COM(2016) 767 final i/2 Annexes 1 - 12
Subject: ANNEXES to the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast)
Delegations will find attached a new version of the document COM(2016) 767 final i Annexes 1-12.
Encl.: COM(2016) 767 final i/2 Annexes 1 - 12
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Brussels, 23.2.2017 COM(2016) 767 final i/2
ANNEXES 1 to 12
CORRIGENDUM This document corrects Annexes 1 to 12 of COM (2016) 767 final i of 30.11.2016 Concerns only EN version. The text shall read as follows:
ANNEXES
to the
Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the promotion
of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast)
{SWD(2016) 416 final}
{SWD(2016) 417 final}
{SWD(2016) 418 final}
{SWD(2016) 419 final}
2009/28/EC
new
ANNEX I
National overall targets for the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final
consumption of energy in 2020 1
A.N ATIONAL OVERALL TARGETS
Share of energy from renewable Target for share of energy from sources in gross final renewable sources in gross final
consumption of energy, 2005 consumption of energy, 2020 (S 2020 ) (S 2005 )
Belgium 2,2 % 13 %
Bulgaria 9,4 % 16 %
Czech Republic 6,1 % 13 %
Denmark 17,0 % 30 %
Germany 5,8 % 18 %
Estonia 18,0 % 25 %
Ireland 3,1 % 16 %
Greece 6,9 % 18 %
Spain 8,7 % 20 %
France 10,3 % 23 %
Croatia 12,6% 20%
Italy 5,2 % 17 %
Cyprus 2,9 % 13 %
Latvia 32,6 % 40 %
Lithuania 15,0 % 23 %
Luxembourg 0,9 % 11 %
Hungary 4,3 % 13 %
1 In order to be able to achieve the national objectives set out in this Annex, it is underlined that the State aid guidelines for environmental protection recognise
the continued need for national mechanisms of support for the promotion of energy from renewable sources.
Malta 0,0 % 10 %
Netherlands 2,4 % 14 %
Austria 23,3 % 34 %
Poland 7,2 % 15 %
Portugal 20,5 % 31 %
Romania 17,8 % 24 %
Slovenia 16,0 % 25 %
Slovak 6,7 % 14 %
Republic
Finland 28,5 % 38 %
Sweden 39,8 % 49 %
United 1,3 % 15 %
Kingdom
B.I NDICATIVE TRAJECTORY
The indicative trajectory referred to in Article 3(2) shall consist of the following shares of energy from renewable sources:
S 2005 + 0,20 (S 2020 – S 2005 ), as an average for the two-year period 2011 to 2012;
S 2005 + 0,30 (S 2020 – S 2005 ), as an average for the two-year period 2013 to 2014;
S 2005 + 0,45 (S 2020 – S 2005 ), as an average for the two-year period 2015 to 2016; and
S 2005 + 0,65 (S 2020 – S 2005 ), as an average for the two-year period 2017 to 2018,
where
S 2005 = the share for that Member State in 2005 as indicated in the table in part A,
and
S 2020 = the share for that Member State in 2020 as indicated in the table in part A.
2009/28/EC
ANNEX II
Normalisation rule for accounting for electricity generated from hydropower and wind
power
The following rule shall be applied for the purpose of accounting for electricity generated from hydropower in a given Member State:
(Q N(norm) )( C N [(/(i)( N 14))(Q i C i )] 15)where:
N = reference year;
Q N(norm) = normalised electricity generated by all hydropower plants of the Member State in year N, for accounting purposes;
Q i = the quantity of electricity actually generated in year i by all hydropower plants of the Member State measured in GWh, excluding production from pumped storage units using water that has previously been pumped
uphill;
C i = the total installed capacity, net of pumped storage, of all hydropower plants of the Member State at the end of year i, measured in MW.
The following rule shall be applied for the purpose of accounting for electricity generated from wind power in a given Member State:
(Q N(norm) )((C N C N 1 2)((/(i)(Nn))Q i (/(j)(Nn))(C j C j 1 2)))where:
N = reference year;
Q N(norm) = normalised electricity generated by all wind power plants of the Member State in year N, for accounting purposes;
Q i = the quantity of electricity actually generated in year i by all wind power plants of the Member State measured in GWh;
C j = the total installed capacity of all the wind power plants of the Member
State at the end of year j, measured in MW;
n = 4 or the number of years preceding year N for which capacity and production data are available for the Member State in question,
whichever is lower.
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
ANNEX III
Energy content of transport fuels
Fuel Energy content by Energy content by
weight (lower volume (lower
calorific value, calorific value,
MJ/kg) MJ/l)
FUELS FROM BIOMASS AND/ OR BIOMASS PROCESSING OPERATIONS
Bio-Propane 46 24
Pure vegetable oil (oil produced from oil plants 37 34 through pressing, extraction or comparable procedures, crude or refined but chemically unmodified)
Biodiesel - fatty acid methyl ester (methyl-ester 37 33 produced from oil of biomass origin)
Biodiesel - fatty acid ethyl ester (ethyl-ester 38 34 produced from oil of biomass origin)
Biogas that can be purified to natural gas quality 50 -
Hydrotreated (thermochemically treated with 44 34 hydrogen) oil of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of diesel
Hydrotreated (thermochemically treated with 45 30 hydrogen) oil of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of petrol
Hydrotreated (thermochemically treated with 44 34 hydrogen) oil of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of jet fuel
Hydrotreated oil (thermochemically treated with 46 24 hydrogen) of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of liquefied petroleum gas
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery 43 36 simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin to be used for replacement of diesel
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery 44 32 simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin, to be used to replace petrol
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery 43 33 simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin, to be used to replace jet fuel
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery 46 23 simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin, to be used to replace liquefied petroleum gas
RENEWABLE FUELS THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM VARIOUS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING WHILE NOT LIMITED TO BIOMASS
Methanol from renewable energy sources 20 16
Ethanol from renewable energy sources 27 21
Propanol from renewable energy sources 31 25
Butanol from renewable energy sources 33 27
Fischer-Tropsch diesel (a synthetic hydrocarbon 44 34 or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons to be used for replacement of diesel)
Fischer-Tropsch petrol (a synthetic hydrocarbon 44 33 or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons produced from biomass, to be used for replacement of petrol)
Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel (a synthetic 44 33 hydrocarbon or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons produced from biomass, to be used for replacement of jet fuel)
Fischer-Tropsch liquefied petroleum gas (a 46 24 synthetic hydrocarbon or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons, to be used for replacement of liquefied petroleum gas
DME (dimethylether) 28 19
Hydrogen from renewable sources 120 -
ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the 36 (of which 37% 27 (of which 37% basis of ethanol) from renewable from renewable
sources) sources)
MTBE (methyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on 35 (of which 22% 26 (of which 22% the basis of methanol) from renewable from renewable
sources) sources)
TAEE (tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether produced on 38 (of which 29% 29 (of which 29% the basis of ethanol) from renewable from renewable
sources) sources)
TAME (tertiary-amyl-methyl-ether produced on 36 (of which 18% 28 (of which 18% the basis of ethanol) from renewable from renewable
sources) sources)
THxEE (tertiary-hexyl-ethyl-ether produced on 38 (of which 25% 30 (of which 25% the basis of ethanol) from renewable from renewable
sources) sources)
THxME (tertiary-hexyl-methyl-ether produced 38 of which 14% 30 (of which 14% on the basis of ethanol) from renewable from renewable
sources) sources)
FOSSIL FUELS
Petrol 43 32
Diesel 43 36
2009/28/EC
Fuel Energy content Energy content by weight by volume
(lower calorific (lower calorific value, MJ/kg) value, MJ/l)
Bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass) 27 21
Bio-ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the 36 (of which 37 27 (of which 37 basis of bioethanol) % from % from
renewable renewable sources) sources)
Biomethanol (methanol produced from biomass, to be 20 16 used as biofuel)
Bio-MTBE (methyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the 35 (of which 22 26 (of which 22 basis of bio-methanol) % from % from
renewable renewable sources) sources)
Bio-DME (dimethylether produced from biomass, to be 28 19 used as biofuel)
Bio-TAEE (tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether produced on the 38 (of which 29 29 (of which 29 basis of bioethanol) % from % from
renewable renewable sources) sources)
Biobutanol (butanol produced from biomass, to be used 33 27 as biofuel)
Biodiesel (methyl-ester produced from vegetable or 37 33 animal oil, of diesel quality, to be used as biofuel)
Fischer-Tropsch diesel (a synthetic hydrocarbon or 44 34 mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons produced from biomass)
Hydrotreated vegetable oil (vegetable oil 44 34 thermochemically treated with hydrogen)
Pure vegetable oil (oil produced from oil plants 37 34 through pressing, extraction or comparable procedures, crude or refined but chemically unmodified, when compatible with the type of engines involved and the corresponding emission requirements)
Biogas (a fuel gas produced from biomass and/or from 50 — the biodegradable fraction of waste, that can be purified to natural gas quality, to be used as biofuel, or wood gas)
Petrol 43 32
Diesel 43 36
2009/28/EC
ANNEX IV
Certification of installers
The certification schemes or equivalent qualification schemes referred to in Article 18 14(3) shall be based on the following criteria:
-
1.The certification or qualification process shall be transparent and clearly defined by the Member State or the administrative body they appoint.
-
2.Biomass, heat pump, shallow geothermal and solar photovoltaic and solar thermal installers shall be certified by an accredited training programme or training provider.
-
3.The accreditation of the training programme or provider shall be effected by Member States or administrative bodies they appoint. The accrediting body shall
ensure that the training programme offered by the training provider has continuity and regional or national coverage. The training provider shall have adequate technical facilities to provide practical training, including some laboratory equipment or corresponding facilities to provide practical training. The training provider shall also offer in addition to the basic training, shorter refresher courses on topical issues, including on new technologies, to enable life-long learning in installations. The training provider may be the manufacturer of the equipment or system, institutes or associations.
-
4.The training leading to installer certification or qualification shall include both theoretical and practical parts. At the end of the training, the installer must have the skills required to install the relevant equipment and systems to meet the performance and reliability needs of the customer, incorporate quality craftsmanship, and comply with all applicable codes and standards, including energy and eco-labelling.
-
5.The training course shall end with an examination leading to a certificate or qualification. The examination shall include a practical assessment of successfully installing biomass boilers or stoves, heat pumps, shallow geothermal installations, solar photovoltaic or solar thermal installations.
-
6.The certification schemes or equivalent qualification schemes referred to in Article 18 14(3) shall take due account of the following guidelines:
(a) Accredited training programmes should be offered to installers with work experience, who have undergone, or are undergoing, the following types of training:
-
(i) in the case of biomass boiler and stove installers: training as a plumber, pipe fitter, heating engineer or technician of sanitary and
heating or cooling equipment as a prerequisite;
(ii) in the case of heat pump installers: training as a plumber or refrigeration engineer and have basic electrical and plumbing skills
(cutting pipe, soldering pipe joints, gluing pipe joints, lagging, sealing fittings, testing for leaks and installation of heating or cooling systems) as a prerequisite;
(iii) in the case of a solar photovoltaic or solar thermal installer: training as a plumber or electrician and have plumbing, electrical and roofing skills, including knowledge of soldering pipe joints, gluing pipe joints, sealing fittings, testing for plumbing leaks, ability to connect wiring, familiar with basic roof materials, flashing and sealing methods as a prerequisite; or
(iv) a vocational training scheme to provide an installer with adequate skills corresponding to a three years education in the skills referred to in point (a), (b) or (c) including both classroom and workplace learning.
(b) The theoretical part of the biomass stove and boiler installer training should give an overview of the market situation of biomass and cover ecological aspects, biomass fuels, logistics, fire protection, related subsidies, combustion techniques, firing systems, optimal hydraulic solutions, cost and profitability comparison as well as the design, installation, and maintenance of biomass boilers and stoves. The training should also provide good knowledge of any European standards for technology and biomass fuels, such as pellets, and biomass related national and Community law.
(c) The theoretical part of the heat pump installer training should give an overview of the market situation for heat pumps and cover geothermal resources and ground source temperatures of different regions, soil and rock identification for thermal conductivity, regulations on using geothermal resources, feasibility of using heat pumps in buildings and determining the most suitable heat pump system, and knowledge about their technical requirements, safety, air filtering, connection with the heat source and system layout. The training should also provide good knowledge of any European standards for heat pumps, and of relevant national and Community law. The installer should demonstrate the following key competences:
(i) a basic understanding of the physical and operation principles of a heat pump, including characteristics of the heat pump circle: context between low temperatures of the heat sink, high temperatures of the heat source, and the efficiency of the system, determination of the coefficient of performance (COP) and seasonal performance factor (SPF);
(ii) an understanding of the components and their function within a heat pump circle, including the compressor, expansion valve, evaporator, condenser, fixtures and fittings, lubricating oil, refrigerant, superheating and sub-cooling and cooling possibilities with heat pumps; and
(iii) the ability to choose and size the components in typical installation situations, including determining the typical values of the heat load of different buildings and for hot water production based on energy consumption, determining the capacity of the heat pump on the heat load for hot water production, on the storage mass of the building and on interruptible current supply; determine buffer tank component and its volume and integration of a second heating system.
(d) The theoretical part of the solar photovoltaic and solar thermal installer training should give an overview of the market situation of solar products and cost and profitability comparisons, and cover ecological aspects, components, characteristics and dimensioning of solar systems, selection of accurate systems and dimensioning of components, determination of the heat demand, fire protection, related subsidies, as well as the design, installation, and maintenance of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal installations. The training should also provide good knowledge of any European standards for technology, and certification such as Solar Keymark, and related national and Community law. The installer should demonstrate the following key competences:
(i) the ability to work safely using the required tools and equipment and implementing safety codes and standards and identify plumbing, electrical and other hazards associated with solar installations;
(ii) the ability to identify systems and their components specific to active and passive systems, including the mechanical design, and determine the components’ location and system layout and configuration;
(iii) the ability to determine the required installation area, orientation and tilt for the solar photovoltaic and solar water heater, taking account of shading, solar access, structural integrity, the appropriateness of the installation for the building or the climate and identify different installation methods suitable for roof types and the balance of system equipment required for the installation; and
(iv) for solar photovoltaic systems in particular, the ability to adapt the electrical design, including determining design currents, selecting appropriate conductor types and ratings for each electrical circuit, determining appropriate size, ratings and locations for all associated equipment and subsystems and selecting an appropriate interconnection point.
(e) The installer certification should be time restricted, so that a refresher seminar or event would be necessary for continued certification.
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
ANNEX V
Rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel comparators
A.T YPICAL AND DEFAULT VALUES FOR BIOFUELS IF PRODUCED WITH NO NET CARBON EMISSIONS FROM LAND - USE CHANGE
Biofuel production pathway Typical greenhouse Default greenhouse gas emission saving gas emission saving
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from slop, 61 % 67% 52 59 % natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 77% 73% slop, natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from slop, 73% 68 % natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 79 % 76 % slop, natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from slop, 58% 46% lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 71% 64% slop, lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *)
wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified) 32 % 16 %
wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in 32 % 16 %
CHP plant)
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in 45 % 34 % conventional boiler)
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in 53 % 47 %
CHP plant)
wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP 69 % 69 % plant)
corn (maize) ethanol (natural gas as 48 % 40 % process fuel in conventional boiler)
corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced 56 55 % 49 48 %
(natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant
* )
corn (maize) ethanol (lignite as process 40 % 28 % fuel in CHP plant*) corn (maize) ethanol (forest residues as 69 % 68 % process fuel in CHP plant*)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 47 % 38 % (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 53 % 46 % (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant *)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 37 % 24 % (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 67 % 67 % (forest residues as process fuel in CHP plant *)
sugar cane ethanol 70 % 70 %
the part from renewable sources of ethyl Equal to that of the ethanol production tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE) pathway used
the part from renewable sources of tertiary Equal to that of the ethanol production amyl-ethyl-ether (TAEE) pathway used
rape seed biodiesel 45 52 % 38 47 %
sunflower biodiesel 58 57 % 51 52 %
soybean biodiesel 40 55 % 31 50 %
palm oil biodiesel ( open effluent pond 36 38 % 19 25 % process not specified)
palm oil biodiesel (process with methane 62 57 % 56 51 % capture at oil mill)
waste cooking vegetable or animal * oil 88 83 % 83 77 %
biodiesel
animal fats from rendering biodiesel 79% 72 %
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed 51% 47%
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower 58 65 % 54 62 %
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 55% 51 % soybean
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil ( 40 % 28 26 % open effluent pond process not specified)
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil 59 68 % 55 65 %
(process with methane capture at oil mill)
hydrotreated oil from waste cooking 90 % 87% oil
hydrotreated oil from animal fats from 87% 83 % rendering
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 59 % 58% 57%
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 65% 64%
pure vegetable oil from soybean 62 % 61 %
pure vegetable oil from palm oil (open 46 % 36 % effluent pond)
pure vegetable oil from palm oil (process 65 % 63 % with methane capture at oil mill)
pure oil from waste cooking oil 98 % 98 %
biogas from municipal organic waste as 80 % 73 % compressed natural gas
biogas from wet manure as compressed 84 % 81 % natural gas
biogas from dry manure as compressed 86 % 82 % natural gas
(*) Not including animal oil produced from animal by-products classified as category 3 material in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules on animal by-products not
intended for human consumption (12)
new
(*) Default values for processes using CHP are valid only if ALL the process heat is supplied by CHP.
2 Not including animal oil produced from animal by-products classified as category 3 material in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 i of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules on animal by-products not intended for human consumption
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
B.E STIMATED TYPICAL AND DEFAULT VALUES FOR FUTURE BIOFUELS THAT WERE NOT ON THE MARKET OR WERE ON THE MARKET ONLY IN NEGLIGIBLE QUANTITIES IN J ANUARY 2008 2016 , IF PRODUCED WITH NO NET CARBON EMISSIONS FROM LAND - USE
CHANGE
Biofuel production pathway Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas emission saving emission saving
wheat straw ethanol 87 % 85% 85 % 83%
waste wood ethanol 80 % 74 %
farmed wood ethanol 76 % 70 %
waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel 95 % 85% 95 % 85%
in free-standing plant
farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel 93 % 78% 93 % 78%
in free-standing plant
waste wood Fischer-Tropsch petrol 85% 85% in free-standing plant
farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch petrol 78% 78% in free-standing plant
waste wood dimethylether (DME) in 86% 95% 86% 95% free-standing plant
farmed wood dimethylether (DME) 79% 92% 79% 92%
in free-standing plant
waste wood methanol in free 94 % 86% 94 % 86% standing plant
farmed wood methanol in free 91 % 79% 91 % 79% standing plant
Fischer – Tropsch diesel from black 89 % 89 % liquor gasification integrated with pulp mill
Fischer – Tropsch petrol from black 89 % 89 % liquor gasification integrated with pulp mill
dimethylether DME from black 89 % 89 % liquor gasification integrated with pulp mill
Methanol from black-liquor 89 % 89 % gasification integrated with pulp mill
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the methanol production pathway methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE) used
C.M ETHODOLOGY
-
1.Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of transport fuels, biofuels and bioliquids shall be calculated as follows :
new
(a) greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biofuels shall be calculated as:
2009/28/EC (adapted)
E = e ec + e l + e p + e td + e u – e sca – e ccs – e ccr – e ee ,
where
E = total emissions from the use of the fuel;
e ec = emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials;
e l = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change;
e p = emissions from processing;
e td = emissions from transport and distribution;
e u = emissions from the fuel in use;
e sca = emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management;
e ccs = emission savings from carbon capture and geological storage; and
e ccr = emission saving from carbon capture and replacement.; and
e ee = emission saving from excess electricity from cogeneration.
Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account.
new
(b) Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of bioliquids shall be calculated as for biofuels (E), but with the extension necessary for including the energy conversion to electricity and/or heat and cooling produced, as follows:
(i) Energy installations delivering only heat:
EC = E h η
h
(ii) For energy installations delivering only electricity:
where
EC h,el = Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.
E =Total greenhouse gas emissions of the bioliquid before end-conversion.
η el = The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual bioliquid input based on its energy content.
η h = The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual bioliquid input based on its energy content.
(iii) For the electricity or mechanical energy coming from energy installations delivering useful heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:
EC = E C el ⋅ η el el η
el C el ⋅ η el + C h ⋅ η
h
(iv) For the useful heat coming from energy installations delivering heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:
EC = E C h ⋅ η h h η
h C el ⋅ η el + C h ⋅ η h
where:
EC h,el = Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.
E =Total greenhouse gas emissions of the bioliquid before end-conversion.
η el = The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual fuel input based on its energy content.
η h = The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual fuel input based on its energy content.
C el = Fraction of exergy in the electricity, and/or mechanical energy, set to 100 % (C el = 1).
C h = Carnot efficiency (fraction of exergy in the useful heat).
The Carnot efficiency, C h , for useful heat at different temperatures is defined as:
where
T h = Temperature, measured in absolute temperature (kelvin) of the useful heat at point of delivery.
T 0 = Temperature of surroundings, set at 273 kelvin (equal to 0 °C)
For T h , < 150 °C (423.15 kelvin), C h can alternatively be defined as follows:
C h = Carnot efficiency in heat at 150 °C (423.15 kelvin), which is: 0.3546
For the purposes of this calculation, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) "cogeneration" shall mean the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electricity and/or mechanical energy;
(b) "useful heat" shall mean heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating and cooling purposes;
(c) "economically justifiable demand" shall mean the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions.
2009/28/EC new
-
2.Greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels and bioliquids shall be expressed as follows: fuels, E, shall be expressed in terms of grams of CO 2 equivalent per MJ of fuel, gCO 2eq /MJ.
new
(a) greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels, E, shall be expressed in terms of grams of CO 2 equivalent per MJ of fuel, gCO 2eq /MJ.
(b) greenhouse gas emissions from bioliquids, EC, in terms of grams of CO 2 equivalent per MJ of final energy commodity (heat or electricity), gCO 2eq /MJ.
When heating and cooling are co-generated with electricity emissions shall be allocated between heat and electricity (as under 1(b)) irrespective if the heat is used for actual heating
purposes or for cooling 3 .
Where the greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials e ec are expressed in unit g CO 2eq /dry-ton of feedstock the conversion to grams of CO 2 equivalent per MJ of fuel, gCO 2eq /MJ shall be calculated as follows;
2 ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’
ð‘”ð‘”ð¶ð¶ð‘‚ð‘‚ ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘Žð‘Ž �ð‘”ð‘”ð¶ð¶ð‘‚ð‘‚ ð‘“ð‘“
ð‘’ð‘’ 2
ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘‘ �
ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘Žð‘Ž � ð‘€ð‘€ð‘€ð‘€ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“� = ∗ ð¹ð¹ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘Žð‘Žð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘‘ð‘‘ ð‘Žð‘Ž ∗ ð´ð´ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘Žð‘Žð‘“ð‘“ð´ð´ð‘“ð‘“ð´ð´ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘Žð‘Žð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘‘ð‘‘ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘Žð‘Ž
ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ ð¿ð¿ð¿ð¿ð¿ð¿ ð‘Žð‘Ž � ð‘€ð‘€ð‘€ð‘€ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘‘ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“�
where
ð´ð´ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘Žð‘Žð‘“ð‘“ð´ð´ð‘“ð‘“ð´ð´ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘Žð‘Žð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘‘ð‘‘ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð‘Žð‘Ž = � ð¸ð¸ð´ð´ð‘’ð‘’ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘”ð‘”ð‘‘ð‘‘ ð´ð´ð´ð´ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ð¸ð¸ð´ð´ð‘’ð‘’ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘”ð‘”ð‘‘ð‘‘ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ + ð¸ð¸ð´ð´ð‘’ð‘’ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘”ð‘”ð‘‘ð‘‘ ð´ð´ð´ð´ ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ − ð‘ð‘ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“�
Emissions per dry-ton feedstock shall be calculated as follows:
2009/28/EC (adapted)
-
3.By derogation from point 2, for transport fuels, values calculated in terms of gCO 2eq /MJ may be adjusted to take into account differences between fuels in useful work done, expressed in terms of km/MJ. Such adjustments shall be made only where evidence of the differences in useful work done is provided.
-
4.3. Greenhouse gas emission savings from biofuels and bioliquids shall be calculated as follows :
new
(a) greenhouse gas emission savings from biofuels:
2009/28/EC new
SAVING = (E F(t) – E B /E F(t) ) , (E F – E B )/E F ,
where
3 Heat or waste heat is used to generate cooling (chilled air or water) through absorption chillers. Therefore, it is appropriate to calculate only the emissions
associated to the heat produced per MJ of heat, irrespectively if the end-use of the heat is actual heating or cooling via absorption chillers.
E B = total emissions from the biofuel; and
E F(t) = total emissions from the fossil fuel comparator for transport
new
(b) greenhouse gas emission savings from heat and cooling, and electricity being generated from bioliquids:
SAVING = (EC F(h&c,el,) – EC B(h&c,el )/EC F (h&c,el) ,
where
EC B(h&c,el) = total emissions from the heat or electricity; and
EC F(h&c,el) = total emissions from the fossil fuel comparator for useful heat or electricity.
2009/28/EC new
5.4. The greenhouse gases taken into account for the purposes of point 1 shall be CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 . For the purpose of calculating CO 2 equivalence, those gases shall be valued as follows:
CO 2 : 1
N 2 O : 296 298
CH 4 : 23 25
6.5. Emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials, e ec , shall include emissions from the extraction or cultivation process itself; from the collection, drying and storage of raw materials; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in extraction or cultivation. Capture of CO 2 in the cultivation of raw materials shall be excluded. Certified reductions of greenhouse gas emissions from flaring at oil production sites anywhere in the world shall be deducted. Estimates of emissions from agriculture biomass cultivation may be derived from the use of regional averages for cultivation emissions included in the reports referred to in Article 28 (4) and the information on the disaggregated default values for cultivation emissions included in this Annex, as an alternative to using actual values. In absence of relevant information in the before mentioned reports it is allowed to calculate averages based on local farming practises based for instance on data of a group of farms calculated for smaller geographical areas than those used in the calculation of the default values, as an alternative to using actual values.
new
-
6.For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 3, emission savings from improved agriculture management, such as shifting to reduced or zero-tillage, improved crop/rotation, the use of cover crops, including crop residue management, and the use of organic soil improver (e.g. compost, manure fermentation digestate), shall be taken into account only if solid and verifiable evidence is provided that the soil carbon has increased or that it is reasonable to expect to have increased over the period in which the raw materials concerned were cultivated while taking into account the emissions where such practices lead to increased fertiliser and herbicide use.
2015/1513 Art. 2.13 and Annex II.1
-
7.Annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change, e l , shall be calculated by dividing total emissions equally over 20 years. For the calculation of those emissions, the following rule shall be applied:
e l = (CS R – CS A ) × 3,664 × 1/20 × 1/P – e B , 4
where
e l = annualised greenhouse gas emissions from carbon stock change due to land-use change (measured as mass (grams) of CO 2 -equivalent per unit of biofuel or
bioliquid energy (megajoules)). ‘Cropland’ 5 and ‘perennial cropland’ 6 shall be
regarded as one land use;
CS R = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the reference land-use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation).
The reference land-use shall be the land-use in January 2008 or 20 years before the raw material was obtained, whichever was the later;
CS A = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the actual land-use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation). In
cases where the carbon stock accumulates over more than one year, the value attributed to CS A shall be the estimated stock per unit area after 20 years or when the crop reaches maturity, whichever the earlier;
P = the productivity of the crop (measured as biofuel or bioliquid energy per unit area per year) and
e B = bonus of 29 gCO 2eq /MJ biofuel or bioliquid if biomass is obtained from restored degraded land under the conditions provided for in point 8.
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
-
8.The bonus of 29 gCO 2eq /MJ shall be attributed if evidence is provided that the land:
4 The quotient obtained by dividing the molecular weight of CO2 (44,010 g/mol) by the molecular weight of carbon (12,011 g/mol) is equal to 3,664.
5 Cropland as defined by IPCC.
6 Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm.
(a) was not in use for agriculture or any other activity in January 2008; and
(b) falls into one of the following categories:
(i) is severely degraded land, including such land that was formerly in agricultural use.;
(ii) heavily contaminated land.
The bonus of 29 gCO 2eq /MJ shall apply for a period of up to 10 20 years from the date of conversion of the land to agricultural use, provided that a steady increase in carbon stocks as well as a sizable reduction in erosion phenomena for land falling under (i b ) are ensured and that soil contamination for land falling under (ii) is reduced.
-
9.The categories referred to in point 8(b) are defined as follows:
(a)‘severely Severely degraded land’ means land that, for a significant period of time, has either been significantly salinated or presented significantly low organic matter content and has been severely eroded;
(b)‘heavily contaminated land’ means land that is unfit for the cultivation of food and feed due to soil contamination.
Such land shall include land that has been the subject of a Commission decision in accordance with the fourth subparagraph of Article 18(4).
-
10.The Commission shall adopt review , by 31 December 2009 2020 ,
guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks 7 drawing on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories — volume 4 and in accordance with the Regulation
(EU) No 525/2013 8 and the Regulation (INSERT THE NO AFTER THE ADOPTION 9 ) .
The Commission guidelines shall serve as the basis for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purposes of this Directive.
-
11.Emissions from processing, e p , shall include emissions from the processing itself; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in processing.
In accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the fuel production plant, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region. By derogation from this rule, producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant, if that plant is not connected to the electricity grid.
7 Commission Decision of 10 June 2010 (2010/335/EU) on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive
2009/28/EC, OJ L 151 17.06.2010.
8 Regulation (EU) 525/2013 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 may 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas
emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC, OJ L 165/13,
18.06.2013
9 Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (INSERT THE DATE OF ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THIS REGULATION) on the inclusion of
greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry into the 2030 climate and energy framework and amending Regulation No
525/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to
climate change.
new
Emissions from processing shall include emissions from drying of interim – products and materials where relevant.
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
-
12.Emissions from transport and distribution, e td , shall include emissions from the transport and storage of raw and semi-finished materials and from the storage and distribution of finished materials. Emissions from transport and distribution to be taken into account under point 6 5 shall not be covered by this point.
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13.Emissions from of the fuel in use, e u , shall be taken to be zero for biofuels and bioliquids.
Emissions on non-CO 2 greenhouse gases (N 2 O and CH 4 ) of the fuel in use shall be included in the e u factor for bioliquids.
-
14.Emission saving from carbon capture and geological storage e ccs , that have not already been accounted for in e p , shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture and storage sequestration of emitted CO 2 directly related to the extraction, transport, processing and distribution of fuel if stored in compliance with Directive 2009/31/EC i on the geological storage of carbon dioxide .
-
15.Emission saving from carbon capture and replacement, e ccr , shall be related directly to the production of biofuel or bioliquid they are attributed to, and shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of CO 2 of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used in the energy or transport sector to replace fossil-derived CO 2 used in commercial products and services.
new
-
16.Where a cogeneration unit – providing heat and/ or electricity to a fuel production process for which emissions are being calculated – produces excess electricity and/or excess useful heat, the greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the electricity and the useful heat according to the temperature of the heat (which reflects the usefulness (utility) of the heat). The allocation factor, called Carnot efficiency C h , is calculated as follows for useful heat at different temperatures:
where
T h = Temperature, measured in absolute temperature (kelvin) of the useful heat at point of delivery.
T 0 = Temperature of surroundings, set at 273 kelvin (equal to 0°C)
For T h , < 150°C (423.15 kelvin), C h can alternatively be defined as follows:
C h = Carnot efficiency in heat at 150 °C (423.15 kelvin), which is: 0.3546
For the purposes of this calculation, the actual efficiencies shall be used, defined as the annual mechanical energy, electricity and heat produced respectively divided by the annual energy input.
For the purposes of this calculation, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) "cogeneration" shall mean the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy;
(b) "useful heat" shall mean heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes;
(c) "economically justifiable demand" shall mean the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions .
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
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16.Emission saving from excess electricity from cogeneration, e ee , shall be taken into account in relation to the excess electricity produced by fuel production systems that use cogeneration except where the fuel used for the cogeneration is a co-product other than an agricultural crop residue. In accounting for that excess electricity, the size of the cogeneration unit shall be assumed to be the minimum necessary for the cogeneration unit to supply the heat that is needed to produce the fuel. The greenhouse gas emission saving associated with that excess electricity shall be taken to be equal to the amount of greenhouse gas that would be emitted when an equal amount of electricity was generated in a power plant using the same fuel as the cogeneration unit.
-
17.Where a fuel production process produces, in combination, the fuel for which emissions are being calculated and one or more other products (co-products), greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the fuel or its intermediate product and the co-products in proportion to their energy content (determined by lower heating value in the case of co-products other than electricity and heat ). The greenhouse gas intensity of excess useful heat or excess electricity is the same as the greenhouse gas intensity of heat or electricity delivered to the fuel production process and is determined from calculating the greenhouse intensity of all inputs and emissions, including the feedstock and CH 4 and N 2 O emissions, to and from the cogeneration unit, boiler or other apparatus delivering heat or electricity to the fuel production process. In case of cogeneration of electricity and heat the calculation is performed following point 16.
-
18.For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17, the emissions to be divided shall be e ec + e l + those fractions of e p , e td and e ee e ec + e l + e sca + those fractions of e p , e td , e ccs , and e ccr that take place up to and including the process step at which a co-product is produced. If any allocation to co-products has taken place at an earlier process step in the lifecycle, the fraction of those emissions assigned in the last such process step to the intermediate fuel product shall be used for this purpose instead of the total of those emissions.
new
In the case of biofuels and bioliquids, all co-products that do not fall under the scope of point 17, shall be taken into account for the purposes of that calculation. No emissions shall be allocated to wastes and residues. Co-products that have a negative energy content shall be considered to have an energy content of zero for the purpose of the calculation.
Wastes and residues, including tree tops and branches, straw, husks, cobs and nut shells, and residues from processing, including crude glycerine (glycerine that is not refined) and bagasse, shall be considered to have zero life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions up to the process of collection of those materials irrespectively of whether they are processed to interim products before being transformed into the final product.
In the case of fuels produced in refineries, other than the combination of processing plants with boilers or cogeneration units providing heat and/or electricity to the processing plant, the unit of analysis for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17 shall be the refinery.
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
In the case of biofuels and bioliquids, all co-products, including electricity that does not fall under the scope of point 16, shall be taken into account for the purposes of that calculation, except for agricultural crop residues, including straw, bagasse, husks, cobs and nut shells. Coproducts that have a negative energy content shall be considered to have an energy content of zero for the purpose of the calculation.
Wastes, agricultural crop residues, including straw, bagasse, husks, cobs and nut shells, and residues from processing, including crude glycerine (glycerine that is not refined), shall be considered to have zero life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions up to the process of collection of those materials.
In the case of fuels produced in refineries, the unit of analysis for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17 shall be the refinery.
-
19.For biofuels, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 43, the fossil fuel comparator E F E F(t) shall be the latest available actual average emissions from the fossil part of petrol and diesel consumed in the Community as reported under Directive 98/70/EC i. If no such data are available, the value used shall be 83,8 94 gCO 2eq /MJ.
For bioliquids used for electricity production, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 43, the fossil fuel comparator E F shall be 91 183 gCO 2eq /MJ.
For bioliquids used for the production of useful heat , as well as for the production of heating and/or cooling production, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 43, the fossil fuel comparator E F (h&c) shall be 77 80 gCO 2eq /MJ.
For bioliquids used for cogeneration, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 4, the fossil fuel comparator E F shall be 85 gCO 2eq /MJ.
D.D ISAGGREGATED DEFAULT VALUES FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOLIQUIDS
Disaggregated default values for cultivation: ‘e ec ’ as defined in part C of this Annex including soil N 2 O emissions
new
Biofuel and bioliquid production Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol 9.6 9.6
corn (maize) ethanol 25.5 25.5
other cereals excluding corn 27.0 27.0
(maize) ethanol
sugar cane ethanol 17.1 17.1
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
ETBE
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
TAEE
rape seed biodiesel 32.0 32.0
sunflower biodiesel 26.1 26.1
soybean biodiesel 21.4 21.4
palm oil biodiesel 20.7 20.7
waste cooking oil biodiesel 0 0
animal fats from rendering 0 0
biodiesel
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 33.4 33.4
rape seed
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 26.9 26.9
sunflower hydrotreated vegetable oil from 22.2 22.2
soybean
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 21.7 21.7
palm oil
hydrotreated oil from waste 0 0
cooking oil
hydrotreated oil from animal fats 0 0
from rendering
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 33.4 33.4
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 27.2 27.2
pure vegetable oil from soybean 22.3 22.3
pure vegetable oil from palm oil 21.6 21.6
pure oil from waste cooking oil 0 0
2009/28/EC (adapted)
Biofuel and bioliquid production Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol 12 12
wheat ethanol 23 23
corn (maize) ethanol, Community 20 20 produced
sugar cane ethanol 14 14
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used ETBE
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used TAEE
rape seed biodiesel 29 29
sunflower biodiesel 18 18
soybean biodiesel 19 19 palm oil biodiesel 14 14
waste vegetable or animal* oil 0 0 biodiesel
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 30 30 rape seed
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 18 18 sunflower
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 15 15 palm oil
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 30 30
biogas from municipal organic 0 0 waste as compressed natural gas
biogas from wet manure as 0 0 compressed natural gas
biogas from dry manure as 0 0 compressed natural gas
(*) Not including animal oil produced from animal by-products classified as category 3 material in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 i
new
Disaggregated default values for cultivation: ‘e ec ’ - for soil N 2 O emissions only (these are already included in disaggregated values for cultivation emissions in ‘e ec ’ table)
Biofuel and bioliquid production Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol 4.9 4.9
corn (maize) ethanol 13.7 13.7
other cereals excluding corn 14.1 14.1
(maize) ethanol
sugar cane ethanol 2.1 2.1
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
ETBE the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
TAEE
rape seed biodiesel 17.6 17.6
sunflower biodiesel 12.2 12.2
soybean biodiesel 13.4 13.4
palm oil biodiesel 16.5 16.5
waste cooking oil biodiesel 0 0
animal fats from rendering biodiesel 0 0
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 18.0 18.0
rape seed
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 12.5 12.5
sunflower
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 13.7 13.7
soybean
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 16.9 16.9
palm oil
hydrotreated oil from waste 0 0
cooking oil
hydrotreated oil from animal fats 0 0
from rendering
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 17.6 17.6
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 12.2 12.2
pure vegetable oil from soybean 13.4 13.4
pure vegetable oil from palm oil 16.5 16.5
pure oil from waste cooking oil 0 0
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
Disaggregated default values for processing (including excess electricity): ‘e p – e ee ’ as defined in part C of this Annex
Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 19 18.8 26 26.3 slop, natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 9.7 13.6 slop, natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 13.2 18.5 slop, natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 7.6 10.6 slop, natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 27.4 38.3 slop, lignite as process fuel in CHP plant
*)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 15.7 22.0 slop, lignite as process fuel in CHP plant
*)
wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified) 32 45
wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in 32 45
CHP plant)
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel 21 30 in conventional boiler)
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel 14 19 in CHP plant)
wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in 1 1
CHP plant)
corn (maize) ethanol (natural gas as 20.8 29.1 process fuel in conventional boiler) corn (maize) ethanol,Community 15 14.8 21 20.8 produced (natural gas as process fuel in
CHP plant*)
corn (maize) ethanol (lignite as process 28.6 40.1 fuel in CHP plant*)
corn (maize) ethanol (forest residues as 1.8 2.6 process fuel in CHP plant*)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 21.0 29.3
(natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 15.1 21.1
(natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant
*)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 30.3 42.5
(lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 1.5 2.2
(forest residues as process fuel in CHP plant *)
sugar cane ethanol 1 1.3 1 1.8
the part from renewable sources of ETBE Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
the part from renewable sources of TAEE Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel 16 11.7 22 16.3
sunflower biodiesel 16 11.8 22 16.5
soybean biodiesel 18 12.1 26 16.9
palm oil biodiesel (process not specified 35 30.4 49 42.6
open effluent pond )
palm oil biodiesel (process with methane 13 13.2 18 18.5 capture at oil mill)
waste cooking vegetable or animal 9 14.1 13 19.7 oil biodiesel
animal fats from rendering biodiesel 17.8 25.0
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed 10 10.7 13 15.0 hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower 10 10.5 13 14.7
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 10.9 15.2 soybean
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil 30 27.8 42 38.9
(process not specified open effluent pond )
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil 7 9.7 9 13.6
(process with methane capture at oil mill)
hydrotreated oil from waste cooking 7.6 10.6 oil
hydrotreated oil from animal fats from 10.4 14.5 rendering
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 4 3.7 5 5.2
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 3.8 5.4
pure vegetable oil from soybean 4.2 5.9
pure vegetable oil from palm oil (open 22.6 31.7 effluent pond)
pure vegetable oil from palm oil 4.7 6.5
(process with methane capture at oil mill)
pure oil from waste cooking oil 0.6 0.8
biogas from municipal organic waste as 14 20 compressed natural gas
biogas from wet manure as compressed 8 11 natural gas
biogas from dry manure as compressed 8 11 natural gas
new
Disaggregated default values for oil extraction only (these are already included in disaggregated values for processing emissions in ‘e p ‘table)
Biofuel and bioliquid production Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ) rape seed biodiesel 3.0 4.2
sunflower biodiesel 2.9 4.0
soybean biodiesel 3.2 4.4
palm oil biodiesel (open effluent
pond) 20.9 29.2
palm oil biodiesel (process with
methane capture at oil mill) 3.7 5.1
waste cooking oil biodiesel 0 0
animal fats from rendering biodiesel 4.3 6.0
hydrotreated vegetable oil from
rape seed 3.1 4.4
hydrotreated vegetable oil from
sunflower 3.0 4.1
hydrotreated vegetable oil from
soybean 3.3 4.6
hydrotreated vegetable oil from
palm oil (open effluent pond) 21.9 30.7
hydrotreated vegetable oil from
palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill) 3.8 5.4
hydrotreated oil from waste cooking oil 0 0
hydrotreated oil from animal fats from rendering 4.6 6.4
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 3.1 4.4
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 3.0 4.2
pure vegetable oil from soybean 3.4 4.7
pure vegetable oil from palm oil
(open effluent pond) 21.8 30.5 pure vegetable oil from palm oil
(process with methane capture at oil
mill) 3.8 5.3
pure oil from waste cooking oil 0 0
Disaggregated default values for transport and distribution: ‘e td ’ as defined in part C of this Annex
Biofuel and bioliquid production Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 2.4 2.4
slop, natural gas as process fuel in
conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas 2.4 2.4
from slop, natural gas as process
fuel in conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 2.4 2.4
slop, natural gas as process fuel in
CHP plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas 2.4 2.4 from slop, natural gas as process
fuel in CHP plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 2.4 2.4
slop, lignite as process fuel in CHP
plant *)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas 2.4 2.4
from slop, lignite as process fuel in
CHP plant *)
corn (maize) ethanol (natural gas as 2.2 2.2
process fuel in CHP plant*)
corn (maize) ethanol (natural gas as 2.2 2.2
process fuel in conventional boiler)
corn (maize) ethanol (lignite as 2.2 2.2 process fuel in CHP plant*)
corn (maize) ethanol (forest 2.2 2.2
residues as process fuel in CHP
plant*)
other cereals excluding maize 2.2 2.2
ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
other cereals excluding maize 2.2 2.2 ethanol (natural gas as process fuel
in CHP plant *)
other cereals excluding maize 2.2 2.2 ethanol (lignite as process fuel in
CHP plant *)
other cereals excluding maize 2.2 2.2
ethanol (forest residues as process
fuel in CHP plant *)
sugar cane ethanol 9.7 9.7
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
ETBE
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
TAEE
rape seed biodiesel 1.8 1.8
sunflower biodiesel 2.1 2.1
soybean biodiesel 8.9 8.9
palm oil biodiesel (open effluent 6.9 6.9
pond)
palm oil biodiesel (process with 6.9 6.9 methane capture at oil mill)
waste cooking oil biodiesel 1.9 1.9
animal fats from rendering 1.7 1.7
biodiesel hydrotreated vegetable oil from 1.7 1.7
rape seed
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 2.0 2.0
sunflower
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 9.1 9.1
soybean
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 7.0 7.0
palm oil (open effluent pond)
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 7.0 7.0
palm oil (process with methane
capture at oil mill)
hydrotreated oil from waste cooking 1.8 1.8 oil
hydrotreated oil from animal fats 1.5 1.5 from rendering
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 1.4 1.4
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 1.7 1.7
pure vegetable oil from soybean 8.8 8.8
pure vegetable oil from palm oil 6.7 6.7
(open effluent pond)
pure vegetable oil from palm oil 6.7 6.7
(process with methane capture at oil
mill)
pure oil from waste cooking oil 1.4 1.4
2009/28/EC
Biofuel and bioliquid production Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol 2 2 wheat ethanol 2 2
corn (maize) ethanol, Community 2 2 produced
sugar cane ethanol 9 9
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used ETBE
the part from renewable sources of Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used TAEE
rape seed biodiesel 1 1
sunflower biodiesel 1 1
soybean biodiesel 13 13
palm oil biodiesel 5 5
waste vegetable or animal oil 1 1 biodiesel
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 1 1 rape seed
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 1 1 sunflower
hydrotreated vegetable oil from 5 5 palm oil
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 1 1
biogas from municipal organic 3 3 waste as compressed natural gas
biogas from wet manure as 5 5 compressed natural gas
biogas from dry manure as 4 4 compressed natural gas
new
Disaggregated default values for transport and distribution of final fuel only. These are already included in table of “transport and distribution emissions e td ” as defined in part C of this Annex, but the following values are useful if an economic operator wishes to declare actual transport emissions for crops or oil transport only).
Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from slop, natural gas as process fuel in 1.6 1.6
conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from slop,
natural gas as process fuel in 1.6 1.6
conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from slop,
natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant 1.6 1.6
*)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from slop,
natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant 1.6 1.6
*)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from slop,
lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *) 1.6 1.6
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from slop,
lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *) 1.6 1.6
corn (maize) ethanol (natural gas as
process fuel in conventional boiler) 1.6 1.6
corn (maize) ethanol (natural gas as
process fuel in CHP plant *) 1.6 1.6
corn (maize) ethanol (lignite as process
fuel in CHP plant *) 1.6 1.6
corn (maize) ethanol (forest residues as
process fuel in CHP plant *) 1.6 1.6
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 1.6 1.6
(natural gas as process fuel in
conventional boiler)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol
(natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant 1.6 1.6
*)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol
(lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *) 1.6 1.6
other cereals excluding maize ethanol
(forest residues as process fuel in CHP 1.6 1.6
plant *)
sugar cane ethanol 6.0 6.0
the part of ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether Will be considered equal to that of the ethanol (ETBE) from renewable ethanol production pathway used
the part of tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether Will be considered equal to that of the ethanol (TAEE) from renewable ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel 1.3 1.3
sunflower biodiesel 1.3 1.3
soybean biodiesel 1.3 1.3
palm oil biodiesel (open effluent pond) 1.3 1.3
palm oil biodiesel (process with methane
capture at oil mill) 1.3 1.3
waste cooking oil biodiesel 1.3 1.3
animal fats from rendering biodiesel 1.3 1.3
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed 1.2 1.2
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower 1.2 1.2
hydrotreated vegetable oil from soybean 1.2 1.2
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil
(open effluent pond) 1.2 1.2
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil
(process with methane capture at oil mill) 1.2 1.2
hydrotreated oil from waste cooking oil 1.2 1.2
hydrotreated oil from animal fats from
rendering 1.2 1.2
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 0.8 0.8
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 0.8 0.8
pure vegetable oil from soybean 0.8 0.8
pure vegetable oil from palm oil (open
effluent pond) 0.8 0.8
pure vegetable oil from palm oil (process
with methane capture at oil mill) 0.8 0.8
pure oil from waste cooking oil 0.8 0.8
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
Total for cultivation, processing, transport and distribution
Biofuel and bioliquid production Typical greenhouse Default greenhouse pathway gas emissions gas emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 33 30.8 40 38.3 slop, natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 21.7 25.6
slop, natural gas as process fuel in
conventional boiler)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 25.2 30.5
slop, natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 19.6 22.6 slop, natural gas as process fuel in CHP
plant*)
sugar beet ethanol (no biogas from 39.4 50.3
slop, lignite as process fuel in CHP plant
*)
sugar beet ethanol (with biogas from 27.7 34.0
slop, lignite as process fuel in CHP plant
*)
corn (maize) ethanol (natural gas as 48.5 56.8 process fuel in conventional boiler)
corn (maize) ethanol, Community 37 42.5 43 48.5 produced (natural gas as process fuel in
CHP plant*)
corn (maize) ethanol (lignite as process 56.3 67.8 fuel in CHP plant*)
corn (maize) ethanol (forest residues as 29.5 30.3 process fuel in CHP plant*)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 50.2 58.5
(natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 44.3 50.3
(natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant
*)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 59.5 71.7
(lignite as process fuel in CHP plant *)
other cereals excluding maize ethanol 30.7 31.4
(forest residues as process fuel in CHP plant *)
sugar cane ethanol 24 28.1 24 28.6
the part from renewable sources of ETBE Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
the part from renewable sources of TAEE Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel 46 45.5 52 50.1
sunflower biodiesel 35 40.0 41 44.7
soybean biodiesel 50 42.4 58 47.2
palm oil biodiesel (process not specified 54 58.0 68 70.2
open effluent pond )
palm oil biodiesel (process with methane 32 40.8 37 46.1 capture at oil mill)
waste vegetable or animal cooking 10 16.0 14 21.6 oil biodiesel
animals fats from rendering 19.5 26.7 biodiesel
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed 41 45.8 44 50.1
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower 29 39.4 32 43.6
hydrotreated vegetable oil from soybean 42.2 46.5
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil 50 56.5 62 67.6 (process not specified) ( open effluent pond)
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil 27 38.4 29 42.3 (process with methane capture at oil mill)
hydrotreated oil from waste cooking 9.4 12.4 oil
hydrotreated oil from animal fats from 11.9 16.0 rendering
pure vegetable oil from rape seed 35 38.5 36 40.0
pure vegetable oil from sunflower 32.7 34.3
pure vegetable oil from soybean 35.3 37.0
pure vegetable oil from palm oil (open 50.9 60.0 effluent pond)
pure vegetable oil from palm oil 33.0 34.8
(process with methane capture at oil mill)
pure oil from waste cooking oil 2.0 2.2
biogas from municipal organic waste as 17 23 compressed natural gas
biogas from wet manure as compressed 13 16 natural gas
biogas from dry manure as compressed 12 15 natural gas
new
(*) Default values for processes using CHP are valid only if ALL the process heat is supplied by CHP.
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
-
E.E STIMATED DISAGGREGATED DEFAULT VALUES FOR FUTURE BIOFUELS AND BIOLIQUIDS
THAT WERE NOT ON THE MARKET OR WERE ONLY ON THE MARKET IN NEGLIGIBLE
QUANTITIES IN JANUARY 2008 2016
Disaggregated default values for cultivation: ‘e ec ’ as defined in part C of this Annex including N 2 O emissions (including chipping of waste or farmed wood)
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 1.8 1.8
waste wood Fischer 3.3 3.3
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 12.4 12.4
Tropsch diesel in freestanding plant
waste wood Fischer 3.3 3.3
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 12.4 12.4
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
waste wood dimethylether 3.1 3.1
(DME) in free-standing
plant
farmed wood dimethylether 11.4 11.4
DME in free-standing plant
waste wood methanol in 3.1 3.1
free-standing plant
farmed wood methanol in 11.4 11.4
free-standing plant
Fischer Tropsch diesel from 2.5 2.5
black-liquor gasification
integrated with pulp mill
Fischer Tropsch petrol from 2.5 2.5
black-liquor gasification
integrated with pulp mill
dimethylether DME from 2.5 2.5 black-liquor gasification
integrated with pulp mill
Methanol from black-liquor 2.5 2.5
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used
sources of MTBE
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 3 3
waste wood ethanol 1 1
farmed wood ethanol 6 6
waste wood Fischer 1 1
Tropsch diesel
farmed wood Fischer 4 4
Tropsch diesel
waste wood DME 1 1
farmed wood DME 5 5 waste wood methanol 1 1
farmed wood methanol 5 5
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used sources of MTBE
new
Disaggregated default values for soil N 2 O emissions (included in disaggregated default values for cultivation emissions in ‘e ec ’ table)
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 0 0
waste wood Fischer 0 0
Tropsch diesel in freestanding plant
farmed wood Fischer 4.4 4.4
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
waste wood Fischer 0 0
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 4.4 4.4
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
waste wood dimethylether 0 0
(DME) in free-standing plant
farmed wood dimethylether 4.1 4.1
DME in free-standing plant
waste wood methanol in 0 0 free-standing plant
farmed wood methanol in 4.1 4.1 free-standing plant
Fischer-Tropsch diesel from 0 0
black-liquor gasification
integrated with pulp mill
Fischer-Tropsch petrol from 0 0
black-liquor gasification integrated with pulp mill
dimethylether DME from 0 0
black-liquor gasification
integrated with pulp mill
Methanol from black-liquor 0 0
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used
sources of MTBE
new
Disaggregated default values for processing: ‘e p ’ as defined in part C of this Annex
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 5 7
wood ethanol 12 17
wood Fischer-Tropsch 0 0 diesel
wood DME 0 0
wood methanol 0 0
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used sources of MTBE
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 4.8 6.8 waste wood Fischer 0.1 0.1
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 0.1 0.1
Tropsch diesel in freestanding plant
waste wood Fischer 0.1 0.1
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 0.1 0.1
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
waste wood dimethylether 0 0
(DME) in free-standing
plant
farmed wood dimethylether 0 0
(DME) in free-standing plant
waste wood methanol in 0 0 free-standing plant
farmed wood methanol in 0 0 free-standing plant
Fischer - Tropsch diesel 0 0 from black-liquor
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
Fischer – Tropsch petrol 0 0
from black-liquor
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
dimethylether DME from 0 0
black-liquor gasification integrated with pulp mill
methanol from black-liquor 0 0 gasification integrated with pulp mill
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used
sources of MTBE
Disaggregated default values for transport and distribution: ‘e td ’ as defined in part C of this Annex
new
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 7.1 7.1
waste wood Fischer 10.3 10.3
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 8.4 8.4
Tropsch diesel in freestanding plant
waste wood Fischer 10.3 10.3
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 8.4 8.4
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
waste wood dimethylether 10.4 10.4
(DME) in free-standing
plant
farmed wood dimethylether 8.6 8.6
(DME) in free-standing plant
waste wood methanol in 10.4 10.4 free-standing plant
farmed wood methanol in 8.6 8.6 free-standing plant
Fischer - Tropsch diesel 7.7 7.7
from black-liquor
gasification integrated with pulp mill
Fischer – Tropsch petrol 7.9 7.9 from black-liquor
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
DME from black-liquor 7.7 7.7
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
methanol from black-liquor 7.9 7.9
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used sources of MTBE
2009/28/EC (adapted) new
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 2 2
waste wood ethanol 4 4
farmed wood ethanol 2 2
waste wood Fischer 3 3
Tropsch diesel
farmed wood Fischer 2 2
Tropsch diesel
waste wood DME 4 4
farmed wood DME 2 2 waste wood methanol 4 4
farmed wood methanol 2 2
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used sources of MTBE
Disaggregated default values for transport and distribution of final fuel only. These are already included in table of “transport and distribution emissions e td ” as defined in part C of this Annex, but the following values are useful if an economic operator wishes to declare actual transport emissions for feedstock transport only).
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 1.6 1.6
waste wood Fischer 1.2 1.2
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 1.2 1.2
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
waste wood Fischer 1.2 1.2
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 1.2 1.2
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
waste wood dimethylether 2.0 2.0
(DME) in free-standing plant
farmed wood DME in free 2.0 2.0 standing plant
waste wood methanol in 2.0 2.0 free-standing plant
farmed wood methanol in 2.0 2.0 free-standing plant
Fischer Tropsch diesel from 2.0 2.0
black-liquor gasification
integrated with pulp mill
Fischer Tropsch petrol from 2.0 2.0
black-liquor gasification integrated with pulp mill
DME from black-liquor 2.0 2.0 gasification integrated with
pulp mill
methanol from black-liquor 2.0 2.0 gasification integrated with
pulp mill
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used
sources of MTBE
Total for cultivation, processing, transport and distribution
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions emissions
(gCO 2eq /MJ) (gCO 2eq /MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 13.7 15.7
waste wood Fischer 13.7 13.7
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
farmed wood Fischer 20.9 20.9
Tropsch diesel in freestanding
plant
waste wood Fischer 13.7 13.7
Tropsch petrol in freestanding plant
farmed wood Fischer 20.9 20.9
Tropsch petrol in freestanding
plant
waste wood dimethylether 13.5 13.5
(DME) in free-standing
plant
farmed wood dimethylether 20.0 20.0
(DME) in free-standing
plant
waste wood methanol in 13.5 13.5 free-standing plant
farmed wood methanol in 20.0 20.0 free-standing plant
Fischer - Tropsch diesel 10.2 10.2
from black-liquor gasification integrated with
pulp mill
Fischer – Tropsch petrol 10.4 10.4
from black-liquor
gasification integrated with
pulp mill
dimethylether DME from 10.2 10.2
black-liquor gasification integrated with pulp mill
methanol from black-liquor 10.4 10.4 gasification integrated with
pulp mill
the part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used
sources of MTBE
Biofuel and bioliquid Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
production pathway emissions (gCO2eq/MJ) emissions (gCO2eq/MJ)
wheat straw ethanol 11 13 waste wood ethanol 17 22 farmed wood ethanol 20 25
Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch 4 4 petrol farmed wood Fischer 6 6
Tropsch petrol waste wood DME 5 5 farmed wood DME 7 7 waste wood methanol 5 5 farm wood methanol 7 7
The part from renewable Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used sources of MTBE
new
ANNEX VI
Rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biomass fuels and their fossil fuel comparators
-
A.T YPICAL AND DEFAULT VALUES OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION SAVINGS FOR BIOMASS FUELS IF PRODUCED WITH NO NET - CARBON EMISSIONS FROM LAND - USE CHANGE
WOODCHIPS
Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
Biomass fuel Transport emission savings emission savings
production system distance Heat Electricity Heat Electricity
1 to 500 km 93% 89% 91% 87%
500 to 2500 89% 84% 87% 81%
km Woodchips from
forest residues 2500 to 10 82% 73% 78% 67%
000 km
Above 67% 51% 60% 41%
10000 km
Woodchips from 64% 46% 61% 41%
short rotation 2500 to 10 coppice 000 km
(Eucalyptus)
1 to 500 km 89% 83% 87% 81%
500 to 2500 85% 78% 84% 76%
Woodchips from km
short rotation
coppice (Poplar - 2500 to 10 78% 67% 74% 62% Fertilised) 000 km
Above 63% 45% 57% 35%
10000 km
Woodchips from 1 to 500 km 91% 87% 90% 85%
short rotation 500 to 2500 88% 82% 86% 79%
coppice (Poplar – km
No fertilisation) 2500 to 10 80% 70% 77% 65%
000 km
Above 65% 48% 59% 39%
10000 km
1 to 500 km 93% 89% 92% 88%
500 to 2500 90% 85% 88% 82% km
Woodchips from
stemwood 2500 to 10 82% 73% 79% 68%
000 km
Above 67% 51% 61% 42%
10000 km
1 to 500 km 94% 92% 93% 90%
500 to 2500 91% 87% 90% 85%
km Woodchips from
industry residues 2500 to 10 83% 75% 80% 71%
000 km
Above 69% 54% 63% 44%
10000 km
WOOD PELLETS*
Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
Biomass fuel Transport emission savings emission savings
production system distance Heat Electricity Heat Electricity
1 to 500 km 58% 37% 49% 24%
500 to 2500 58% 37% 49% 25%
km Wood
briquettes Case 1 2500 to 10 55% 34% 47% 21%
or pellets 000 km
from Above 50% 26% 40% 11% forest 10000 km
residues 1 to 500 km 77% 66% 72% 59%
Case 2a 500 to 2500 77% 66% 72% 59%
km 2500 to 10 75% 62% 70% 55%
000 km
Above 69% 54% 63% 45% 10000 km
1 to 500 km 92% 88% 90% 85%
500 to 2500 92% 88% 90% 86% km
Case 3a 2500 to 10 90% 85% 88% 81%
000 km
Above 84% 76% 81% 72%
10000 km
Wood Case 1 2500 to 10 40% 11% 32% -2%
briquettes 000 km
or pellets
from Case 2a 2500 to 10 56% 34% 51% 27%
short 000 km
rotation Case 3a 70% 55% 68% 53%
coppice 2500 to 10
(Eucalypt 000 km
us)
1 to 500 km 54% 32% 46% 20%
500 to 10 52% 29% 44% 16%
Case 1 000 km
Wood Above 10 47% 21% 37% 7%
briquettes 000 km
or pellets 1 to 500 km 73% 60% 69% 54%
from
short 500 to 10 71% 57% 67% 50%
rotation Case 2a 000 km
coppice Above 10 66% 49% 60% 41% (Poplar - 000 km
Fertilised
) 1 to 500 km 88% 82% 87% 81%
500 to 10 86% 79% 84% 77%
Case 3a 000 km
Above 10 80% 71% 78% 67%
000 km
Wood Case 1 1 to 500 km 56% 35% 48% 23% briquettes
or pellets 500 to 10 54% 32% 46% 20% from 000 km
short Above 10 49% 24% 40% 10% rotation 000 km
coppice 1 to 500 km 76% 64% 72% 58%
(Poplar –
No 500 to 10 74% 61% 69% 54% fertilisati Case 2a 000 km
on) Above 10 68% 53% 63% 45%
000 km
1 to 500 km 91% 86% 90% 85%
500 to 10 89% 83% 87% 81%
Case 3a 000 km
Above 10 83% 75% 81% 71%
000 km
1 to 500 km 57% 37% 49% 24%
500 to 2500 58% 37% 49% 25%
km
Case 1 2500 to 10 55% 34% 47% 21%
000 km
Above 50% 26% 40% 11%
10000 km
1 to 500 km 77% 66% 73% 60%
500 to 2500 77% 66% 73% 60%
Stemwoo km
d Case 2a 2500 to 10 75% 63% 70% 56%
000 km
Above 70% 55% 64% 46%
10000 km
1 to 500 km 92% 88% 91% 86%
500 to 2500 92% 88% 91% 87%
km Case 3a
2500 to 10 90% 85% 88% 83%
000 km
Above 84% 77% 82% 73% 10000 km
1 to 500 km 75% 62% 69% 55%
500 to 2500 75% 62% 70% 55%
km
Case 1 2500 to 10 72% 59% 67% 51%
000 km
Above 67% 51% 61% 42% 10000 km
1 to 500 km 87% 80% 84% 76% Wood
briquettes 500 to 2500 87% 80% 84% 77% or pellets km
from Case 2a 2500 to 10 85% 77% 82% 73% wood 000 km
industry
residues Above 79% 69% 75% 63%
10000 km
1 to 500 km 95% 93% 94% 91%
500 to 2500 95% 93% 94% 92%
km
Case 3a 2500 to 10 93% 90% 92% 88%
000 km
Above 88% 82% 85% 78%
10000 km
-
*Case 1 refers to processes in which a natural gas boiler is used to provide the process heat to the pellet mill. Power for the pellet mill is supplied from the grid;
Case 2a refers to processes in which a woodchips boiler, fed with pre-dried chips, is used to provide process heat. Power for the pellet mill is supplied from the
grid;
Case 3a refers to processes in which a CHP, fed with pre-dried woodchips, is
used to provide power and heat to the pellet mill.
AGRICULTURE PATHWAYS
Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas
Biomass fuel Transport emission savings emission savings
production system distance Heat Electricity Heat Electricity
Agricultural 1 to 500 km 95% 92% 93% 90%
Residues with
density <0.2 t/m3* 500 to 2500 89% 83% 86% 80% km
2500 to 10 77% 66% 73% 60% 000 km
Above 57% 36% 48% 23% 10000 km
1 to 500 km 95% 92% 93% 90%
500 to 2500 93% 89% 92% 87%
Agricultural km
Residues with 2500 to 10 88% 82% 85% 78%
density > 0.2 t/m3** 000 km
Above 78% 68% 74% 61%
10000 km
1 to 500 km 88% 82% 85% 78%
500 to 86% 79% 83% 74%
Straw pellets 10000 km
Above 80% 70% 76% 64%
10000 km
500 to 10 93% 89% 91% 87%
000 km Bagasse briquettes
Above 10 87% 81% 85% 77% 000 km
Palm Kernel Meal Above 20% -18% 11% -33% 10000 km
Palm Kernel Meal
(no CH 4 emissions Above 46% 20% 42% 14%
from oil mill) 10000 km
-
*This group of materials includes agricultural residues with a low bulk density and it comprises materials such as straw bales, oat hulls, rice husks and sugar cane bagasse bales (not exhaustive list)
** The group of agricultural residues with higher bulk density includes materials such as corn cobs, nut shells, soybean hulls, palm kernel shells (not exhaustive list).
BIOGAS FOR ELECTRICITY*
Biogas Technologica Typical greenhouse gas Default greenhouse gas production l option emission savings emission savings
system
Open 146% 94%
digestate 11
Case 1 Close 246% 240%
digestate 12
Open 136% 85%
Wet digestate
manure Case 2 10 Close 227% 219%
digestate
Open 142% 86% digestate
Case 3 Close 243% 235%
digestate
Open 36% 21%
digestate Case 1
Close 59% 53%
digestate
Open 34% 18%
Maize digestate
whole Case 2
plant 13 Close 55% 47%
digestate
Open 28% 10%
digestate Case 3
Close 52% 43% digestate
Open 47% 26%
digestate
Biowast Case 1
e Close 84% 78% digestate
Case 2 Open 43% 21%
10 The values for biogas production from manure include negative emissions for emissions saved from raw manure management. The value of esca considered is
equal to -45 gCO2eq./MJ manure used in anaerobic digestion
11 Open storage of digestate accounts for additional emissions of methane and N2O. The magnitude of these emissions changes with ambient conditions, substrate
types and the digestion efficiency (see chapter 5 for more details).
12 Close storage means that the digestate resulting from the digestion process is stored in a gas-tight tank and the additional biogas released during storage is
considered to be recovered for production of additional electricity or biomethane. No emissions of GHG are included in this process.
13 Maize whole plant should be interpreted as maize harvested as fodder and ensiled for preservation.
digestate
Close 77% 68%
digestate
Open 38% 14%
digestate Case 3
Close 76% 66% digestate
-
*Case 1 refers to pathways in which power and heat required in the process are supplied by the CHP engine itself.
Case 2 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by the CHP engine itself. In some Member States, operators are not allowed to claim the gross production for subsidies and Case 1 is the more likely configuration.
Case 3 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by a biogas boiler. This case applies to some installations in which the CHP engine is not on-site and biogas is sold (but not upgraded to biomethane).
BIOGAS FOR ELECTRICITY – MIXTURES OF MANURE AND MAIZE
Biogas production system Technological option Typical greenhouse gas emission savings Default g
Open digestate 72% Case 1
Close digestate 120%
Manure –
Maize Open digestate 67% Case 2
80% - 20% Close digestate 111%
Open digestate 65% Case 3
Close digestate 114%
Open digestate 60% Case 1
Close digestate 100%
Manure –
Maize Open digestate 57% Case 2
70% - 30% Close digestate 93%
Open digestate 53% Case 3
Close digestate 94%
Manure – Case 1 Open digestate 53%
Maize Close digestate 88%
60% - 40% Open digestate 50%
Case 2 Close digestate 82%
Open digestate 46% Case 3
Close digestate 81%
BIOMETHANE FOR TRANSPORT*
Biomethane Typical
Default
greenhouse gas
production Technological options greenhouse
system gas emission
emission savings
savings
Open digestate, no off-gas 117% 72%
combustion
Open digestate, off-gas 133% 94% combustion
Wet manure Close digestate, no off-gas 190% 179%
combustion
Close digestate, off-gas 206% 202%
combustion
Open digestate, no off-gas 35% 17%
combustion
Open digestate, off-gas 51% 39%
combustion Maize whole plant
Close digestate, no off-gas 52% 41%
combustion
Close digestate, off-gas 68% 63%
combustion
Open digestate, no off-gas 43% 20%
combustion
Biowaste Open digestate, off-gas 59% 42% combustion
Close digestate, no off-gas 70% 58%
combustion Close digestate, off-gas 86% 80%
combustion
*The savings for biomethane only refer to compressed biomethane relative to the fossil fuel comparator for transport of 94 gCO2 eq./MJ.
BIOMETHANE - MIXTURES OF MANURE AND MAIZE*
Biomethane Typical Default production Technological options greenhouse system gas emission
greenhouse gas
savings emission savings
Open digestate, no off-gas 62% 35%
combustion 14
Open digestate, off-gas 78% 57%
Manure – Maize combustion 15
80% - 20% Close digestate, no off-gas 97% 86%
combustion
Close digestate, off-gas 113% 108%
combustion
Open digestate, no off-gas 53% 29%
combustion
Open digestate, off-gas 69% 51%
Manure – Maize combustion
70% - 30% Close digestate, no off-gas 83% 71%
combustion
Close digestate, off-gas 99% 94% combustion
Open digestate, no off-gas 48% 25%
combustion
Manure – Maize Open digestate, off-gas 64% 48%
60% - 40% combustion
Close digestate, no off-gas 74% 62% combustion
14 This category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Pressure Water Scrubbing
(PWS), Membranes, Cryogenic, and Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS). It includes an emission of 0.03 MJCH4/MJbiomethane for the emission of methane in
the off-gases.
15 This category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Water Scrubbing (PWS) when water is recycled,
Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Chemical Scrubbing, Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS), Membranes and Cryogenic upgrading. No methane emissions are
considered for this category (the methane in the off-gas is combusted, if any).
Close digestate, off-gas 90% 84%
combustion
*The greenhouse gas emission savings for biomethane only refer to compressed biomethane relative to the fossil fuel comparator for transport of 94 gCO2 eq./MJ.
-
B.M ETHODOLOGY
-
1.Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biomass fuels, shall be calculated as follows:
(a) Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biomass fuels before conversion into electricity, heating and cooling, shall be calculated as:
E = e ec + e l + e p + e td + e u - e sca – e ccs - e ccr ,
Where
E = total emissions from the production of the fuel before energy conversion;
e ec = emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials;
e l = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change;
e p = emissions from processing;
e td = emissions from transport and distribution;
e u = emissions from the fuel in use;
e sca = emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management;
e ccs = emission savings from carbon capture and geological storage; and
e ccr = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement.
Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account.
(b) In case of co-digestion of different substrates in a biogas plant for the
production of biogas or biomethane the typical and default values of greenhouse gas
emissions shall be calculated as:
E =
where
E = GHG emissions per MJ biogas or biomethane produced from co-digestion of the defined mixture of substrates
S n = Share of feedstock n in energy content
E n = Emission in gCO 2 /MJ for pathway n as provided in Part D of this document*
S n =
where
P n = energy yield [MJ] per kilogram of wet input of feedstock n**
W n = weighting factor of substrate n defined as:
where:
I n = Annual input to digester of substrate n [tonne of fresh matter]
AM n = Average annual moisture of substrate n [kg water / kg fresh matter]
SM n = Standard moisture for substrate n***.
-
*For animal manure used as substrate, a bonus of 45 gCO 2eq /MJ manure (-54 kg CO 2eq /t fresh matter) is added for improved agricultural and manure management.
** The following values of P n shall be used for calculating typical and default values:
P(Maize): 4.16 [MJ biogas /kg wet maize @ 65 % moisture ]
P(Manure): 0.50 [MJ biogas /kg wet manure @ 90 % moisture ]
P(Biowaste) 3.41 [MJ biogas /kg wet biowaste @ 76 % moisture ]
***The following values of the standard moisture for substrate SM n shall be used:
SM(Maize): 0.65 [kg water/kg fresh matter]
SM(Manure): 0.90 [kg water/kg fresh matter]
SM(Biowaste): 0.76 [kg water/kg fresh matter]
(c) In case of co-digestion of n substrates in a biogas plant for the production of electricity or biomethane, actual greenhouse gas emissions of biogas and biomethane are calculated as follows:
ð´ð´
ð¸ð¸ = � ð‘†ð‘† ð´ð´ ∙ �ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’,ð´ð´ + ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“,ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ ,ð´ð´ + ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“,ð´ð´ − ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘Žð‘Ž ,ð´ð´ � + ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘ð‘ + ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“,ð‘ð‘ð‘‘ð‘‘ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘“ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ + ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘“ð‘“ − ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘“ð‘“ − ð‘’ð‘’ ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘’ð‘‘ð‘‘
1
where
E= total emissions from the production of the biogas or biomethane before energy conversion;
Sn = Share of feedstock n, in fraction of input to the digester
e ec,n = emissions from the extraction or cultivation of feedstock n;
e td,feedstock,n = emissions from transport of feedstock n to the digester;
e l,n = annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change, for feedstock n;
e sca = emission savings from improved agricultural management of feedstock n*;
e p = emissions from processing;
e td,product = emissions from transport and distribution of biogas and/or biomethane;
e u = emissions from the fuel in use, that is greenhouse gases emitted during combustion;
e ccs = emission savings from carbon capture and geological storage; and
e ccr = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement.
-
*For e sca a bonus of 45 gCO 2eq. / MJ manure shall be attributed for improved agricultural and manure management in case animal manure is used as a substrate for the production of biogas and biomethane.
(d) Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of biomass fuels in producing electricity, heating and cooling, including the energy conversion to electricity and/ or heat or cooling produced shall be calculated as follows:
(i) For energy installations delivering only heat:
EC = E h η
h
(ii) For energy installations delivering only electricity:
EC = E el η
el
where
EC h,el = Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.
E = Total greenhouse gas emissions of the fuel before end-conversion.
η el = The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual fuel input, based on its energy content.
η h = The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual fuel input, based on its energy content.
(iii) For the electricity or mechanical energy coming from energy installations
delivering useful heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:
EC = E C el ⋅ η el el η
el C el ⋅ η el + C h ⋅ η h
(iv) For the useful heat coming from energy installations delivering heat together with electricity and/or mechanical energy:
EC = E C h ⋅ η h h η
h C el ⋅ η el + C h ⋅ η h
where:
EC h,el = Total greenhouse gas emissions from the final energy commodity.
E = Total greenhouse gas emissions of the fuel before end-conversion.
η el = The electrical efficiency, defined as the annual electricity produced divided by the annual energy input, based on its energy content.
η h = The heat efficiency, defined as the annual useful heat output divided by the annual energy input, based on its energy content.
C el = Fraction of exergy in the electricity, and/or mechanical energy, set to 100 % (C el = 1).
C h = Carnot efficiency (fraction of exergy in the useful heat).
The Carnot efficiency, C h , for useful heat at different temperatures is defined as:
C = T h − T 0 h T
h
where:
T h = Temperature, measured in absolute temperature (kelvin) of the useful heat at point of delivery.
T 0 = Temperature of surroundings, set at 273.15 kelvin (equal to 0
°C)
For T h , < 150 °C (423.15 kelvin), C h can alternatively be defined as follows:
C h = Carnot efficiency in heat at 150 °C (423.15 kelvin), which is: 0.3546
For the purposes of this calculation, the following definitions shall apply:
(i) "cogeneration" shall mean the simultaneous generation in one process of
thermal energy and electricity and/or mechanical energy;
(ii) "useful heat" shall mean heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes;
(iii) "economically justifiable demand" shall mean the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at
market conditions.
-
2.Greenhouse gas emissions from biomass fuels shall be expressed as follows
(a) greenhouse gas emissions from biomass fuels E, shall be expressed in terms of grams of CO 2 equivalent per MJ of biomass fuel, gCO 2eq /MJ.
(b) greenhouse gas emissions from heating or electricity, produced from biomass fuels, EC, shall be expressed in terms of grams of CO 2 equivalent per MJ of final
energy commodity (heat or electricity), gCO 2eq /MJ.
When heating and cooling are co-generated with electricity, emissions shall be
allocated between heat and electricity (as under 1(d)) irrespective if the heat is used
for actual heating purposes or for cooling. 16
Where the greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials e ec are expressed in unit g CO 2 eq/dry-ton of feedstock the conversion to
grams of CO 2 equivalent per MJ of fuel, gCO 2eq /MJ shall be calculated as follows;
Where
Emissions per dry-ton feedstock shall be calculated as follows:
-
3.Greenhouse gas emission savings from biomass fuels shall be calculated as follows:
(a) greenhouse gas emission savings from biomass fuels used as transport fuels:
SAVING = (E F(t) – E B(t) / E F(t) )
where
E B(t) = total emissions from the biofuel or bioliquid; and
E F(t) = total emissions from the fossil fuel comparator for transport
(b) greenhouse gas emission savings from heat and cooling, and electricity being generated from biomass fuels as follows:
16 Heat or waste heat is used to generate cooling (chilled air or water) through absorption chillers. Therefore, it is appropriate to calculate only the emissions
associated to the heat produced, per MJ of heat, irrespectively if the end-use of the heat is actual heating or cooling via absorption chillers.
SAVING = (EC F(h&c,el) – EC B(h&c,el) )/EC F (h&c,el) ,
where
EC B(h&c,el) = total emissions from the heat or electricity,
EC F(h&c,el) = total emissions from the fossil fuel comparator for useful heat or electricity.
-
4.The greenhouse gases taken into account for the purposes of point 1 shall be CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 . For the purpose of calculating CO 2 equivalence, those gases shall be valued as follows:
CO 2 : 1
N 2 O: 298
CH 4 : 25
-
5.Emissions from the extraction, harvesting or cultivation of raw materials, e ec , shall include emissions from the extraction, harvesting or cultivation process itself; from the collection, drying and storage of raw materials; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in extraction or cultivation. Capture of CO 2 in the cultivation of raw materials shall be excluded. Estimates of emissions from agriculture biomass cultivation may be derived from the regional averages for cultivation emissions included in the reports referred to in Article 28 (4) of this Directive and the information on the disaggregated default values for cultivation emissions included in this Annex, as an alternative to using actual values. In absence of relevant information in the before mentioned reports it is allowed to calculate averages based on local farming practises based for instance on data of a group of farms, as an alternative to using actual values.
Estimates of emissions from cultivation and harvesting of forestry biomass, may be derived from the use of averages for cultivation and harvesting emissions calculated for geographical areas at national level, as an alternative to using actual values.
-
6.For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 3, emission savings from improved agriculture management, such as shifting to reduced or zero-tillage, improved crop/rotation, the use of cover crops, including crop management, and the use of organic soil improver (e.g. compost, manure fermentation digestate), shall be taken into account only if solid and verifiable evidence is provided that the soil carbon has increased or that it is reasonable to expect to have increased over the period in which the raw materials concerned were cultivated while taking into account the emissions where such practices lead to increased fertiliser and herbicide use.
-
7.Annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change, el, shall be calculated by dividing total emissions equally over 20 years. For the calculation of those emissions the following rule shall be applied:
e l = (CS R – CS A ) × 3,664 × 1/20 × 1/P– e B ,( 17 )
17 The quotient obtained by dividing the molecular weight of CO2 (44,010 g/mol) by the molecular weight of carbon (12,011 g/mol) is equal to 3,664
where
e l = annualised greenhouse gas emissions from carbon stock change due to land-use change (measured as mass of CO 2 -equivalent per unit biomass fuel energy).
‘Cropland’ ( 18 ) and ‘perennial cropland’ ( 19 ) shall be regarded as one land use ;
CS R = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the reference land use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation). The reference land use shall be the land use in January 2008 or 20 years before the raw material was obtained, whichever was the later;
CS A = the carbon stock per unit area associated with the actual land use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation). In cases where the carbon stock accumulates over more than one year, the value attributed to CS A shall be the estimated stock per unit area after 20 years or when the crop reaches maturity, whichever the earlier; and
P = the productivity of the crop (measured as biomass fuel energy per unit area per year).
e B = bonus of 29 gCO 2eq /MJ biomass fuel if biomass is obtained from restored degraded land under the conditions provided for in point 8.
-
8.The bonus of 29 gCO 2eq /MJ shall be attributed if evidence is provided that the land:
(a) was not in use for agriculture in January 2008; and
(b) is severely degraded land, including such land that was formerly in agricultural use.
The bonus of 29 gCO 2eq /MJ shall apply for a period of up to 20 years from the date of conversion of the land to agricultural use, provided that a steady increase in carbon stocks as well as a sizable reduction in erosion phenomena for land falling
under (b) are ensured.
-
9.‘Severely degraded land’ means land that, for a significant period of time, has either been significantly salinated or presented significantly low organic matter content and has been severely eroded.
10 In accordance with Annex V, Part C, point 10 of this Directive guidelines for the
calculation of land carbon stocks 20 adopted in relation to that Directive, drawing on the 2006
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories — volume 4, and in accordance
18 Cropland as defined by IPCC
19 Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm.
20 Commission Decision of 10 June 2010 (2010/335/EU) on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive
2009/28/EC, OJ L 151 17.06.2010
with the Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 i 21 and the Regulation (INSERT THE NO AFTER THE ADOPTION 22 ), shall serve as the basis for the calculation of land carbon stocks.
-
11.Emissions from processing, e p , shall include emissions from the processing itself; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in processing.
In accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the gaseous biomass fuel production plant, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region. By derogation from this rule, producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant, if that plant is not connected to the electricity grid.
In accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the solid biomass fuel production plant, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the fossil fuel comparator EC F(el) set out in paragraph 19 of this Annex. By derogation from this rule, producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant, if that plant
is not connected to the electricity grid. 23
Emissions from processing shall include emissions from drying of interim- products and materials where relevant.
-
12.Emissions from transport and distribution, e td , shall include emissions from the transport of raw and semi-finished materials and from the storage and distribution of finished materials. Emissions from transport and distribution to be taken into account under point 5 shall not be covered by this point.
-
13.Emissions of CO 2 from fuel in use, e u, shall be taken to be zero for biomass fuels. Emissions of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases (CH 4 and N 2 O) from the fuel in use shall be included in the e u factor.
-
14.Emission saving from carbon capture and geological storage , e ccs , that have not already been accounted for in e p , shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture and storage of emitted CO 2 directly related to the extraction, transport, processing and distribution of biomass fuel if stored in compliance with Directive 2009/31/EC i on the geological storage of carbon dioxide.
-
15.Emission saving from carbon capture and replacement, e ccr , shall be related directly to the production of biomass fuel they are attributed to, and shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of CO 2 of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used to replace fossil-derived CO 2 used in the energy or transport sector.
21 Regulation (EU) 525/2013 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 may 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas
emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC, OJ L 165/13,
18.06.2013
22 Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (insert the date of entry into force of this Regulation) on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions
and removals from land use, land use change and forestry into the 2030 climate and energy framework and amending Regulation No 525/2013 i of the European
Parliament and the Council on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change.
23 The solid biomass pathways consume and produce the same commodities at different stages of the supply chain. Using different values for electricity supply to
solid biomass production plants and the fossil fuel comparator would assign artificial GHG savings to these pathways.
-
16.Where a cogeneration unit – providing heat and/ or electricity to a biomass fuel production process for which emissions are being calculated - produces excess electricity and/or excess useful heat, the greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the electricity and the useful heat according to the temperature of the heat (which reflects the usefulness (utility) of the heat). The allocation factor, called Carnot efficiency C h , is calculated as follows for useful heat at different temperatures:
where
T h = Temperature, measured in absolute temperature (kelvin) of the useful heat at point of delivery.
T 0 = Temperature of surroundings, set at 273.15 kelvin (equal to 0 °C)
For T h , < 150 °C (423.15 kelvin), C h can alternatively be defined as follows:
C h = Carnot efficiency in heat at 150 °C (423.15 kelvin), which is: 0.3546
For the purposes of this calculation, the actual efficiencies shall be used, defined as the annual mechanical energy, electricity and heat produced respectively divided by the annual energy input.
For the purposes of this calculation, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) "cogeneration" shall mean the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy;
(b) "useful heat" shall mean heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes;
(c) "economically justifiable demand" shall mean the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions
-
17.Where a biomass fuel production process produces, in combination, the fuel for which emissions are being calculated and one or more other products ("co-products"), greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the fuel or its intermediate product and the co-products in proportion to their energy content (determined by lower heating value in the case of co-products other than electricity and heat). The greenhouse gas intensity of excess useful heat or excess electricity is the same as the greenhouse gas intensity of heat or electricity delivered to the biomass fuel production process and is determined from calculating the greenhouse gas intensity of all inputs and emissions, including the feedstock and CH 4 and N 2 O emissions, to and from the cogeneration unit, boiler or other apparatus delivering heat or electricity to the biomass fuel production process . In case of cogeneration of electricity and heat the calculation is performed following point 16.
-
18.For the purposes of the calculations referred to in point 17, the emissions to be divided shall be e ec + e l + e sca + those fractions of e p, e td, e ccs and e ccr that take place up to and including the process step at which a co-product is produced. If any allocation to co-products has taken place at an earlier process step in the life-cycle, the fraction of those emissions assigned in the last such process step to the intermediate fuel product shall be used for this purpose instead of the total of those emissions.
In the case of biogas and biomethane, all co-products that do not fall under the scope of point 7 shall be taken into account for the purposes of that calculation. No emissions shall be allocated to wastes and residues. Co-products that have a negative energy content shall be considered to have an energy content of zero for the purpose of the calculation.
Wastes and residues, including tree tops and branches, straw, husks, cobs and nut shells, and residues from processing, including crude glycerine (glycerine that is not refined) and bagasse, shall be considered to have zero life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions up to the process of collection of those materials irrespectively of whether they are processed to interim products before being transformed into the final product.
In the case of biomass fuels produced in refineries, other than the combination of processing plants with boilers or cogeneration units providing heat and/or electricity to the processing plant, the unit of analysis for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17 shall be the refinery.
-
19.For biomass fuels used for electricity production, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 3, the fossil fuel comparator EC F(el) shall be 183 gCO2 eq /MJ electricity.
For biomass fuels used for useful heat, for heating and/or cooling production, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 3, the fossil fuel comparator EC F(h) shall be 80 gCO2eq/MJ heat.
For biomass fuels used for useful heat production, in which a direct physical
substitution of coal can be demonstrated, for the purposes of the calculation referred
to in point 3, the fossil fuel comparator EC F(h) shall be 124 gCO 2eq /MJ heat.
For biomass fuels, used as transport fuels for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 3, the fossil fuel comparator EC F(t) shall be 94 gCO 2eq /MJ.
-
C.D ISAGGREGATED DEFAULT VALUES FOR BIOMASS FUELS
-
Wood briquettes or pellets
Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2 eq /MJ) Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Biomass fuel Non-CO 2 Non-CO 2 production Transport distance emissions emissions system Cultiva-tion Processing Transport from the Cultivation Processing Transport from the
fuel in fuel in
use use
1 to 500 km 0.0 1.6 3.0 0.4 0.0 1.9 3.6 0.5
Wood chips 500 to 2500 km 0.0 1.6 5.2 0.4 0.0 1.9 6.2 0.5
from forest
residues 2500 to 10000 km 0.0 1.6 10.5 0.4 0.0 1.9 12.6 0.5
Above 10000 km 0.0 1.6 20.5 0.4 0.0 1.9 24.6 0.5
Wood chips 13.1 0.0 11.0 0.4 13.1 0.0 13.2 0.5
from SRC 2500 to 10000 km
(Eucalyptus)
Wood chips 1 to 500 km 3.9 0.0 3.5 0.4 3.9 0.0 4.2 0.5
from SRC
(Poplar – 500 to 2500 km 3.9 0.0 5.6 0.4 3.9 0.0 6.8 0.5
fertilized) 2500 to 10000 km 3.9 0.0 11.0 0.4 3.9 0.0 13.2 0.5
Above 10000 km 3.9 0.0 21.0 0.4 3.9 0.0 25.2 0.5
1 to 500 km 2.2 0.0 3.5 0.4 2.2 0.0 4.2 0.5
Wood chips
from SRC 500 to 2500 km 2.2 0.0 5.6 0.4 2.2 0.0 6.8 0.5
(Poplar – Not
fertilized) 2500 to 10000 km 2.2 0.0 11.0 0.4 2.2 0.0 13.2 0.5
Above 10000 km 2.2 0.0 21.0 0.4 2.2 0.0 25.2 0.5
1 to 500 km 1.1 0.3 3.0 0.4 1.1 0.4 3.6 0.5
Wood chips 500 to 2500 km 1.1 0.3 5.2 0.4 1.1 0.4 6.2 0.5
from stemwood 2500 to 10000 km 1.1 0.3 10.5 0.4 1.1 0.4 12.6 0.5
Above 10000 km 1.1 0.3 20.5 0.4 1.1 0.4 24.6 0.5
1 to 500 km 0.0 0.3 3.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 3.6 0.5
Wood chips
from wood 500 to 2500 km 0.0 0.3 5.2 0.4 0.0 0.4 6.2 0.5
industry
residues 2500 to 10000 km 0.0 0.3 10.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 12.6 0.5
Above 10000 km 0.0 0.3 20.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 24.6 0.5
Wood briquettes or pellets
Biomass
fuel
production Transport distance Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO2 eq./MJ) Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO2 eq./M
system
Non-CO 2
Cultiva-tion Processing Transport & distribution emissions from Cultiva-tion Processing Transport & distribution e
the fuel in use t
Wood 1 to 500 km 0.0 25.8 2.9 0.3 0.0 30.9 3.5
briquettes or
pellets from 500 to 2500 km 0.0 25.8 2.8 0.3 0.0 30.9 3.3
forest
residues 2500 to 10000 km 0.0
25.8 4.3 0.3 0.0 30.9 5.2
(case 1) Above 10000 km 0.0 25.8 7.9 0.3 0.0 30.9 9.5
Wood 1 to 500 km 0.0 12.5 3.0 0.3 0.0 15.0 3.6
briquettes or
pellets from 500 to 2500 km 0.0 12.5 2.9 0.3 0.0 15.0 3.5
forest
residues 2500 to 10000 km 0.0
12.5 4.4 0.3 0.0 15.0 5.3
(case 2a) Above 10000 km 0.0 12.5 8.1 0.3 0.0 15.0 9.8
Wood 1 to 500 km 0.0 2.4 3.0 0.3 0.0 2.8 3.6.
briquettes or
pellets from 500 to 2500 km 0.0 2.4 2.9 0.3 0.0 2.8 3.5
forest
residues 2500 to 10000 km 0.0 2.4 4.4 0.3 0.0 2.8 5.3
(case 3a) Above 10000 km 0.0 2.4 8.2 0.3 0.0 2.8 9.8
Wood 11.7 24.5 4.3 11.7 29.4 5.2
briquettes
from short
rotation 2500 to 10 000 km 0.3
coppice
(Eucalyptus
– case 1)
Wood 14.9 10.6 4.4 14.9 12.7 5.3
briquettes
from short
rotation 2500 to 10 000 km 0.3
coppice
(Eucalyptus
– case 2a)
Wood 15.5 0.3 4.4 15.5 0.4 5.3
briquettes
from short
rotation 2500 to 10 000 km 0.3
coppice
(Eucalyptus
– case 3a)
Wood 1 to 500 km 3.4 24.5 2.9 0.3 3.4 29.4 3.5
briquettes
from short 500 to 10 000 km 3.4 24.5 4.3 0.3 3.4 29.4 5.2
rotation 3.4 24.5 7.9 3.4 29.4 9.5
coppice
(Poplar – Above 10000 km 0.3
Fertilised –
case 1)
Wood 1 to 500 km 4.4 10.6 3.0 0.3 4.4 12.7 3.6
briquettes
from short 500 to 10 000 km 4.4 10.6 4.4 0.3 4.4 12.7 5.3
rotation
coppice 4.4 10.6 8.1 4.4 12.7 9.8
(Poplar – Above 10000 km 0.3
Fertilised –
case 2a)
Wood 1 to 500 km 4.6 0.3 3.0 0.3 4.6 0.4 3.6
briquettes
from short 500 to 10 000 km 4.6 0.3 4.4 0.3 4.6 0.4 5.3
rotation
coppice 4.6 0.3 8.2 4.6 0.4 9.8
(Poplar – Above 10000 km 0.3
Fertilised – case 3a)
Wood 1 to 500 km 2.0 24.5 2.9 0.3 2.0 29.4 3.5
briquettes
from short 500 to 2500 km 2.0 24.5 4.3 0.3 2.0 29.4 5.2
rotation 2.0 24.5 7.9 2.0 29.4 9.5
coppice
(Poplar – no 2500 to 10 000 km 0.3
fertilisation
– case 1)
Wood 1 to 500 km 2.5 10.6 3.0 0.3 2.5 12.7 3.6
briquettes
from short 500 to 10 000 km 2.5 10.6 4.4 0.3 2.5 12.7 5.3
rotation
coppice 2.5 10.6 8.1 2.5 12.7 9.8
(Poplar – no Above 10000 km 0.3
fertilisation
– case 2a)
Wood 1 to 500 km 2.6 0.3 3.0 0.3 2.6 0.4 3.6
briquettes
from short 500 to 10 000 km 2.6 0.3 4.4 0.3 2.6 0.4 5.3
rotation
coppice 2.6 0.3 8.2 2.6 0.4 9.8
(Poplar – no Above 10000 km 0.3
fertilisation– case 3a)
Wood 1 to 500 km 1.1 24.8 2.9 0.3 1.1 29.8 3.5
briquettes or
pellets from 500 to 2500 km 1.1 24.8 2.8 0.3 1.1 29.8 3.3
stemwood 1.1 29.8 5.2
(case 1) 2500 to 10000 km 1.1 24.8 4.3
0.3
Above 10000 km 1.1 24.8 7.9 0.3 1.1 29.8 9.5
1 to 500 km 1.4 11.0 3.0 0.3 1.4 13.2 3.6
Wood
briquettes or 500 to 2500 km 1.4 11.0 2.9 0.3 1.4 13.2 3.5
pellets from
stemwood 2500 to 10000 km 1.4 11.0 4.4 0.3 1.4 13.2 5.3
(case 2a)
Above 10000 km 1.4 11.0 8.1 0.3 1.4 13.2 9.8
1 to 500 km 1.4 0.8 3.0 0.3 1.4 0.9 3.6
Wood
briquettes or 500 to 2500 km 1.4 0.8 2.9 0.3 1.4 0.9 3.5
pellets from
stemwood 2500 to 10000 km 1.4 0.8 4.4 0.3 1.4 0.9 5.3
(case 3a)
Above 10000 km 1.4 0.8 8.2 0.3 1.4 0.9 9.8
Wood 1 to 500 km 0.0 14.3 2.8 0.3 0.0 17.2 3.3
briquettes or
pellets from 500 to 2500 km 0.0 14.3 2.7 0.3 0.0 17.2 3.2
wood
industry 2500 to 10000 km 0.0 14.3 4.2 0.3 0.0 17.2 5.0
residues (case
-
1)Above 10000 km 0.0 14.3 7.7 0.3 0.0 17.2 9.2
Wood 1 to 500 km 0.0 6.0 2.8 0.3 0.0 7.2 3.4
briquettes or
pellets from 500 to 2500 km 0.0 6.0 2.7 0.3 0.0 7.2 3.3
wood
industry 2500 to 10000 km 0.0 6.0 4.2 0.3 0.0 7.2 5.1
residues (case
2a) Above 10000 km 0.0 6.0 7.8 0.3 0.0 7.2 9.3
Wood 1 to 500 km 0.0 0.2 2.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 3.4
briquettes or
pellets from 500 to 2500 km 0.0 0.2 2.7 0.3 0.0 0.3 3.3
wood
industry 2500 to 10000 km 0.0 0.2 4.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 5.1
residues (case
3a) Above 10000 km 0.0 0.2 7.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 9.3
Agriculture pathways
Biomass fuel production system Transport distance Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO2 eq./MJ) Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO2 eq./
Non-CO 2 Non
Cultivation Processing Transport & distribution emissions from Cultivation Processing Transport & emissio
the fuel in use distribution the fue
1 to 500 km 0.0 0.9 2.6 0.2 0.0 1.1 3.1 0
Agricultural Residues with
density <0.2 t/m3 500 to 2500 km 0.0 0.9
6.5 0.2 0.0 1.1 7.8 0
2500 to 10 000 km 0.0 0.9 14.2 0.2 0.0 1.1 17.0 0 Above 10000 km 0.0 0.9 28.3 0.2 0.0 1.1 34.0 0
1 to 500 km 0.0 0.9 2.6 0.2 0.0 1.1 3.1 0
Agricultural Residues with 500 to 2500 km 0.0 0.9 3.6 0.2 0.0 1.1 4.4 0
density > 0.2 t/m3 2500 to 10 000 km 0.0 0.9 7.1 0.2 0.0 1.1 8.5 0
Above 10000 km 0.0 0.9 13.6 0.2 0.0 1.1 16.3 0
1 to 500 km 0.0 5.0 3.0 0.2 0.0 6.0 3.6 0
Straw pellets 500 to 10000 km 0.0 5.0 4.6 0.2 0.0 6.0 5.5 0
Above 10000 km 0.0 5.0 8.3 0.2 0.0 6.0 10.0 0
500 to 10 000 km 0.0 0.3 4.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 5.2 0
Bagasse briquettes
Above 10 000 km 0.0 0.3 8.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 9.5 0
Palm Kernel Meal Above 10000 km 21.6 21.1 11.2 0.2 21.6 25.4 13.5 0
Palm Kernel Meal (no CH 4 21.6 3.5 11.2 0.2 21.6 4.2 13.5 0
emissions from oil mill) Above 10000 km
Disaggregated default values for biogas for electricity production
TYPICAL [gCO 2 eq. /MJ] DEFAULT [gCO 2 eq. /MJ] Biomass fuel
production system Technology Cultiva Proces Non-CO 2 Trans Manure Cultiva Proces Non-CO 2 Trans Manure
tion sing emissions from the fuel in use port credits tion sing emissions from the fuel in use port credits
Open digestate 0.0 69.6 8.9 0.8 -107.3 0.0 97.4 12.5 0.8 -107.3 case 1
Close digestate 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.8 -97.6 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.8 -97.6
Wet Open digestate 0.0 74.1 8.9 0.8 -107.3 0.0 103.7 12.5 0.8 -107.3
manure 24 case 2 Close digestate 0.0 4.2 8.9 0.8 -97.6 0.0 5.9 12.5 0.8 -97.6
Open digestate 0.0 83.2 8.9 0.9 -120.7 0.0 116.4 12.5 0.9 -120.7 case 3
Close digestate 0.0 4.6 8.9 0.8 -108.5 0.0 6.4 12.5 0.8 -108.5
Open digestate 15.6 13.5 8.9 0.0 26 - 15.6 18.9 12.5 0.0 - Maize case 1
whole Close digestate 15.2 0.0 8.9 0.0 - 15.2 0.0 12.5 0.0 -
plant 25
case 2 Open digestate 15.6 18.8 8.9 0.0 - 15.6 26.3 12.5 0.0 -
24 The values for biogas production from manure include negative emissions for emissions saved from raw manure management. The value of esca considered is equal to -45 gCO2eq./MJ manure used in anaerobic digestion
25 Maize whole plant should be interpreted as maize harvested as fodder and ensiled for preservation.
26 Transport of agricultural raw materials to the transformation plant is, according to the methodology in COM(2010) 11 i, included in the 'cultivation' value. The value for transport of maize silage accounts for 0.4 gCO2 eq./MJ biogas.
Close digestate 15.2 5.2 8.9 0.0 - 15.2 7.2 12.5 0.0 -
Open digestate 17.5 21.0 8.9 0.0 - 17.5 29.3 12.5 0.0 - case 3
Close digestate 17.1 5.7 8.9 0.0 - 17.1 7.9 12.5 0.0 -
Open digestate 0.0 21.8 8.9 0.5 - 0.0 30.6 12.5 0.5 - case 1
Close digestate 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.5 - 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.5 -
Open digestate 0.0 27.9 8.9 0.5 - 0.0 39.0 12.5 0.5 - Biowaste case 2
Close digestate 0.0 5.9 8.9 0.5 - 0.0 8.3 12.5 0.5 -
Open digestate 0.0 31.2 8.9 0.5 - 0.0 43.7 12.5 0.5 - case 3
Close digestate 0.0 6.5 8.9 0.5 - 0.0 9.1 12.5 0.5 -
Disaggregated default values for biomethane
TYPICAL [gCO 2 eq. /MJ] DEFAULT [gCO 2 eq. /MJ]
Biomethane Compres Manure Compres Manure production Technological option Cultiva Proces Up Transsion at credits Cultiva Proces Up Transsion at credits
system tion sing grading port filling tion sing grading port filling
station station
Wet Open no off-gas 0.0 84.2 19.5 1.0 3.3 -124.4 0.0 117.9 27.3 1.0 4.6 -124.4 combustion
manure digestate off-gas 0.0 84.2 4.5 1.0 3.3 -124.4 0.0 117.9 6.3 1.0 4.6 -124.4
combustion
Close no off-gas 0.0 3.2 19.5 0.9 3.3 -111.9 0.0 4.4 27.3 0.9 4.6 -111.9
digestate combustion off-gas 0.0 3.2 4.5 0.9 3.3 -111.9 0.0 4.4 6.3 0.9 4.6 -111.9
combustion
Open no off-gas 18.1 20.1 19.5 0.0 3.3 - 18.1 28.1 27.3 0.0 4.6 -
digestate combustion
Maize whole off-gas 18.1 20.1 4.5 0.0 3.3 - 18.1 28.1 6.3 0.0 4.6 -
plant combustion
Close no off-gas 17.6 4.3 19.5 0.0 3.3 - 17.6 6.0 27.3 0.0 4.6 -
digestate combustion off-gas 17.6 4.3 4.5 0.0 3.3 - 17.6 6.0 6.3 0.0 4.6 -
combustion
Open no off-gas 0.0 30.6 19.5 0.6 3.3 - 0.0 42.8 27.3 0.6 4.6 -
digestate combustion off-gas 0.0 30.6 4.5 0.6 3.3 - 0.0 42.8 6.3 0.6 4.6 -
Biowaste combustion
Close no off-gas 0.0 5.1 19.5 0.5 3.3 - 0.0 7.2 27.3 0.5 4.6 -
digestate combustion off-gas 0.0 5.1 4.5 0.5 3.3 - 0.0 7.2 6.3 0.5 4.6 -
combustion D. T OTAL TYPICAL AND DEFAULT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION VALUES FOR BIOMASS FUEL
PATHWAYS
Typical
greenhouse Default
Biomass fuel production system Transport greenhouse gas distance gas emissions
(gCO2 emissions
eq./MJ) (gCO2 eq./MJ)
1 to 500 km 5 6
500 to 2500 km 7 9 Woodchips from forest residues
2500 to 10 000 km 12 15
Above 10000 km 22 27
Woodchips from short rotation 27
coppice (Eucalyptus) 2500 to 10 000 km
25
1 to 500 km 8 9
Woodchips from short rotation 500 to 2500 km 10 11
coppice (Poplar - Fertilised) 2500 to 10 000 km 15 18
2500 to 10 000 km 25 30
1 to 500 km 6 7
Woodchips from short rotation 500 to 2500 km 8 10
coppice (Poplar – No
fertilisation) 2500 to 10 000 km 14 16
2500 to 10 000 km 24 28
1 to 500 km 5 6
500 to 2500 km 7 8 Woodchips from stemwood
2500 to 10 000 km 12 15
2500 to 10 000 km 22 27
1 to 500 km 4 5
Woodchips from industry 500 to 2500 km 6 7
residues 2500 to 10 000 km 11 13
Above 10000 km 21 25
Wood briquettes or pellets from 1 to 500 km 29 35 forest residues (case 1) 500 to 2500 km 29 35
2500 to 10000 km 30 36
Above 10000 km 34 41
1 to 500 km 16 19
Wood briquettes or pellets from 500 to 2500 km 16 19 forest residues (case 2a) 2500 to 10000 km 17 21
Above 10000 km 21 25
1 to 500 km 6 7
Wood briquettes or pellets from 500 to 2500 km 6 7
forest residues (case 3a) 2500 to 10000 km 7 8
Above 10000 km 11 13
Wood briquettes or pellets from 41 46
short rotation coppice 2500 to 10 000 km
(Eucalyptus – case 1
Wood briquettes or pellets from 30 33
short rotation coppice 2500 to 10 000 km
(Eucalyptus – case 2a)
Wood briquettes or pellets from 21 22 short rotation coppice 2500 to 10 000 km
(Eucalyptus – case 3a)
1 to 500 km 31 37
Wood briquettes or pellets from
short rotation coppice (Poplar – 500 to 10000 km 32 38 Fertilised – case 1) Above 10000 km 36 43
1 to 500 km 18 21
Wood briquettes or pellets from
short rotation coppice (Poplar – 500 to 10000 km 20 23 Fertilised – case 2a) Above 10000 km 23 27
1 to 500 km 8 9
Wood briquettes or pellets from
short rotation coppice (Poplar – 500 to 10000 km 10 11 Fertilised – case 3a Above 10000 km 13 15
Wood briquettes or pellets from 1 to 500 km 30 35 short rotation coppice (Poplar –
no fertilisation – case 1) 500 to 10000 km 31 37 Above 10000 km 35 41
1 to 500 km 16 19
Wood briquettes or pellets from
short rotation coppice (Poplar – 500 to 10000 km 18 21 no fertilisation – case 2a) Above 10000 km 21 25
1 to 500 km 6 7
Wood briquettes or pellets from
short rotation coppice (Poplar – 500 to 10000 km 8 9
no fertilisation – case 3a Above 10000 km 11 13
1 to 500 km 29 35
Wood briquettes or pellets from 500 to 2500 km 29 34
stemwood (case 1) 2500 to 10000 km 30 36
Above 10000 km 34 41
1 to 500 km 16 18
Wood briquettes or pellets from 500 to 2500 km 15 18
stemwood (case 2a) 2500 to 10000 km 17 20
Above 10000 km 21 25
1 to 500 km 5 6
Wood briquettes or pellets from 500 to 2500 km 5 6
stemwood (case 3a) 2500 to 10000 km 7 8
Above 10000 km 11 12
1 to 500 km 17 21
Wood briquettes or pellets from 500 to 2500 km 17 21
wood industry residues (case 1) 2500 to 10000 km 19 23
Above 10000 km 22 27
1 to 500 km 9 11 Wood briquettes or pellets from
wood industry residues (case 2a) 500 to 2500 km 9 11
2500 to 10000 km 10 13 Above 10000 km 14 17
1 to 500 km 3 4
Wood briquettes or pellets from 500 to 2500 km 3 4 wood industry residues (case 3a) 2500 to 10000 5 6
Above 10000 km 8 10
Case 1 refers to processes in which a Natural Gas boiler is used to provide the process heat to the pellet mill. Process electricity is purchased from the grid.
Case 2 refers to processes in which a boiler fuelled with wood chips is used to provide the process heat to the pellet mill. Process electricity is purchased from the grid.
Case 3 refers to processes in which a CHP, fuelled with wood chips, is used to provide heat and power to the pellet mill.
Typical Default greenhouse
Biomass fuel production system Transport greenhouse gas distance emissions gas emissions
(gCO2 eq./MJ) (gCO2 eq./MJ)
1 to 500 km 4 4
500 to 2500 km 8 9 Agricultural Residues with
density <0.2 t/m3 27 2500 to 10 000
km 15 18
Above 10000 km 29 35
1 to 500 km 4 4
500 to 2500 km 5 6 Agricultural Residues with
density > 0.2 t/m3 28 2500 to 10 000
km 8 10
Above 10000 km 15 18
Straw pellets 1 to 500 km 8 10
27 This group of materials includes agricultural residues with a low bulk density and it comprises materials such as straw bales, oat hulls, rice husks and sugar cane
bagasse bales (not exhaustive list).
28 The group of agricultural residues with higher bulk density includes materials such as corn cobs, nut shells, soybean hulls, palm kernel shells (not exhaustive
list).
500 to 10000 km 10 12
Above 10000 km 14 16
500 to 10 000 km 5 6 Bagasse briquettes
Above 10 000 km 9 10
Palm Kernel Meal Above 10000 km 54 61
Palm Kernel Meal (no CH 4
emissions from oil mill) Above 10000 km 37 40
Typical and default values - biogas for electricity
Technological option Typical Default
value value Biogas
production GHG GHG
system emissions emissions
(g (g
CO2eq/MJ) CO2eq/MJ)
Case 1 Open digestate 29 -28 3
Close digestate 30 -88 -84
Biogas for Case 2 Open digestate -23 10
electricity from
wet manure Close digestate -84 -78
Case 3 Open digestate -28 9
Close digestate -94 -89
Case 1 Open digestate 38 47
Biogas for Close digestate 24 28
electricity from Case 2 Open digestate 43 54 maize whole Close digestate 29 35
plant Case 3 Open digestate 47 59
Close digestate 32 38
Case 1 Open digestate 31 44
Close digestate 9 13
Biogas for Case 2 Open digestate 37 52
electricity from
biowaste Close digestate 15 21
Case 3 Open digestate 41 57
Close digestate 16 22
Typical and default values for biomethane
29 Open storage of digestate accounts for additional emissions of methane which change with the weather, the substrate and the digestion efficiency. In these
calculations the amounts are taken to be equal to 0.05 MJCH4 / MJbiogas for manure, 0.035 MJCH4 / MJbiogas for maize and 0.01 MJCH4 / MJbiogas for
biowaste.
30 Close storage means that the digestate resulting from the digestion process is stored in a gas tight tank and the additional biogas released during storage is
considered to be recovered for production of additional electricity or biomethane.
Typical
greenhouse Default Biomethane gas greenhouse
production system Technological option emissions gas emissions
(g (g CO2eq/MJ)
CO2eq/MJ)
Open digestate, no off-gas
combustion 31 -20 22
Open digestate, off-gas
Biomethane from wet combustion 32 -35 1
manure Close digestate, no off-gas
combustion -88 -79
Close digestate, off-gas combustion -103 -100
Open digestate , no off-gas
combustion 58 73
Biomethane from Open digestate, off-gas combustion 43 52
maize whole plant Close digestate, no off-gas
combustion 41 51
Close digestate, off-gas combustion 26 30
Open digestate , no off-gas
combustion 51 71
Biomethane from Open digestate, off-gas combustion 36 50 biowaste Close digestate, no off-gas
combustion 25 35
Close digestate, off-gas combustion 10 14
Typical and default values - biogas for electricity - mixtures of manure and maize: GHG emissions with shares given on a fresh mass basis
31 This category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Pressure Water Scrubbing
(PWS), Membranes, Cryogenic, and Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS). It includes an emission of 0.03 MJCH4/MJbiomethane for the emission of methane in
the off-gases.
32 This category includes the following categories of technologies for biogas upgrade to biomethane: Pressure Water Scrubbing (PWS) when water is recycled,
Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Chemical Scrubbing, Organic Physical Scrubbing (OPS), Membranes and Cryogenic upgrading. No methane emissions are
considered for this category (the methane in the off-gas is combusted, if any).
Typical
greenhouse Default
gas greenhouse
Biogas production system Technological options emissions gas emissions
(g
(g CO2eq/MJ)
CO2eq/MJ)
Case 1 Open digestate 17 33
Close digestate -12 -9
Manure – Maize Case 2 Open digestate 22 40
80% - 20% Close digestate -7 -2
Case 3 Open digestate 23 43
Close digestate -9 -4
Case 1 Open digestate 24 37
Close digestate 0 3
Manure – Maize Case 2 Open digestate 29 45
70% - 30% Close digestate 4 10
Case 3 Open digestate 31 48
Close digestate 4 10
Case 1 Open digestate 28 40
Close digestate 7 11
Manure – Maize Case 2 Open digestate 33 47
60% - 40% Close digestate 12 18
Case 3 Open digestate 36 52
Close digestate 12 18
Comments
Case 1 refers to pathways in which power and heat required in the process are supplied by the CHP engine itself.
Case 2 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by the CHP engine itself. In some Member States, operators are not allowed to claim the gross production for subsidies and Case 1 is the more likely configuration.
Case 3 refers to pathways in which the electricity required in the process is taken from the grid and the process heat is supplied by a biogas boiler. This case applies to some installations in which the CHP engine is not on-site and biogas is sold (but not upgraded to biomethane).
Typical and default values – biomethane - mixtures of manure and maize: GHG emissions with shares given on a fresh mass basis
Biomethane Typical Default
production Technological options
system (g CO2eq/MJ) (g CO2eq/MJ)
Open digestate, no off-gas 32 57 combustion
Open digestate, off-gas 17 36
Manure – Maize combustion
80% - 20 % Close digestate, no off-gas -1 9
combustion
Close digestate, off-gas -16 -12
combustion
Open digestate, no off-gas 41 62
combustion
Open digestate, off-gas 26 41
Manure – Maize combustion
70% - 30 % Close digestate, no off-gas 13 22
combustion
Close digestate, off-gas -2 1
combustion
Open digestate, no off-gas 46 66
combustion
Open digestate, off-gas 31 45
Manure – Maize combustion
60% - 40 % Close digestate, no off-gas 22 31
combustion
Close digestate, off-gas 7 10 combustion
In case of biomethane used as Compressed Biomethane as a transport fuel, a value of 3.3 gCO2eq./MJ biomethane needs to be added to the typical values and a value of 4.6 gCO2eq./MJ biomethane to the Default values.
2009/28/EC
ANNEX VI
Minimum requirements for the harmonised template for national renewable energy
action plans
-
1.Expected final energy consumption:
Gross final energy consumption in electricity, transport and heating and cooling for 2020 taking into account the effects of energy efficiency policy measures.
-
2.National sectoral 2020 targets and estimated shares of energy from renewable sources in electricity, heating and cooling and transport:
(a) target share of energy from renewable sources in electricity in 2020;
(b) estimated trajectory for the share of energy from renewable sources in electricity;
(c) target share of energy from renewable sources in heating and cooling in 2020;
(d) estimated trajectory for the share of energy from renewable sources in heating and cooling;
(e) estimated trajectory for the share of energy from renewable sources in transport;
(f) national indicative trajectory as referred to in Article 3(2) and part B of Annex I.
-
3.Measures for achieving the targets:
(a) overview of all policies and measures concerning the promotion of the use of
energy from renewable sources;
(b) specific measures to fulfil the requirements of Articles 13, 14 and 16, including the need to extend or reinforce existing infrastructure to facilitate the integration of the quantities of energy from renewable sources needed to achieve the 2020 national
target, measures to accelerate the authorisation procedures, measures to reduce nontechnological barriers and measures concerning Articles 17 to 21;
(c) support schemes for the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources in electricity applied by the Member State or a group of Member States;
(d) support schemes for the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources in heating and cooling applied by the Member State or a group of Member States;
(e) support schemes for the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources in transport applied by the Member State or a group of Member States;
(f) specific measures on the promotion of the use of energy from biomass, especially for new biomass mobilisation taking into account:
(i) biomass availability: both domestic potential and imports; (ii) measures to increase biomass availability, taking into account other biomass users (agriculture and forest-based sectors);
(g) planned use of statistical transfers between Member States and planned participation in joint projects with other Member States and third countries:
(i) the estimated excess production of energy from renewable sources compared to the indicative trajectory which could be transferred to other
Member States;
(ii) the estimated potential for joint projects;
(iii) the estimated demand for energy from renewable sources to be satisfied by means other than domestic production.
-
4.Assessments:
(a) the total contribution expected of each renewable energy technology to meet the mandatory 2020 targets and the indicative trajectory for the shares of energy from renewable sources in electricity, heating and cooling and transport;
(b) the total contribution expected of the energy efficiency and energy saving measures to meet the mandatory 2020 targets and the indicative trajectory for the shares of energy from renewable sources in electricity, heating and cooling and transport.
2009/28/EC (adapted)
ANNEX VII
Accounting of energy from heat pumps
The amount of aerothermal, geothermal or hydrothermal energy captured by heat pumps to be considered energy from renewable sources for the purposes of this Directive, E RES , shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
E RES = Q usable * (1 – 1/SPF)
where
– Q usable = the estimated total usable heat delivered by heat pumps fulfilling the criteria referred to in Article 7 5(4), implemented as follows: Only heat pumps for which SPF > 1,15 * 1/η shall be taken into account,
– SPF = the estimated average seasonal performance factor for those heat pumps,
– η is the ratio between total gross production of electricity and the primary energy consumption for electricity production and shall be calculated as an EU average based on Eurostat data.
By 1 January 2013, the Commission shall establish guidelines on how Member States are to estimate the values of Q usable and SPF for the different heat pump technologies and applications, taking into consideration differences in climatic conditions, especially very cold climates.
2009/28/EC 2015/1513 Art. 2.13 and Annex II.2 new
ANNEX VIII
P ART A. P ROVISIONAL ESTIMATED INDIRECT LAND - USE CHANGE EMISSIONS FROM BIOFUEL
AND BIOLIQUID FEEDSTOCKS ( G CO 2 EQ /MJ) 33
Feedstock group Mean Interpercentile range derived from the sensitivity
34 analysis 35
Cereals and other starch-rich 12 8 to 16 crops
Sugars 13 4 to 17
Oil crops 55 33 to 66
P ART B. B IOFUELS AND BIOLIQUIDS FOR WHICH THE ESTIMATED INDIRECT LAND - USE
CHANGE EMISSIONS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE ZERO
Biofuels and bioliquids produced from the following feedstock categories will be considered to have estimated indirect land-use change emissions of zero:
(1) feedstocks which are not listed under part A of this Annex.
(2) feedstocks, the production of which has led to direct land-use change, i.e. a
change from one of the following IPCC land cover categories: forest land, grassland,
wetlands, settlements, or other land, to cropland or perennial cropland 36 . In such a case a direct land-use change emission value (e l ) should have been calculated
in accordance with point 7 of part C of Annex V.
33 The mean values reported here represent a weighted average of the individually modelled feedstock values. The magnitude of the values in the Annex is
sensitive to the range of assumptions (such as treatment of co-products, yield developments, carbon stocks and displacement of other commodities) used in the
economic models developed for their estimation. Although it is therefore not possible to fully characterise the uncertainty range associated with such estimates,
a sensitivity analysis conducted on the results based on a random variation of key parameters, a so-called Monte Carlo analysis, was conducted.
34 The mean values included here represent a weighted average of the individually modelled feedstock values.
35 The range included here reflects 90 % of the results using the fifth and ninety-fifth percentile values resulting from the analysis. The fifth percentile suggests a
value below which 5 % of the observations were found (i.e. 5 % of total data used showed results below 8, 4, and 33 gCO2eq/MJ). The ninety-fifth percentile
suggests a value below which 95 % of the observations were found (i.e. 5 % of total data used showed results above 16, 17, and 66 gCO2eq/MJ).
36 Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm.
2015/1513 Art. 2.13 and Annex II.3 (adapted) new
ANNEX IX
Part A. Feedstocks for the production of advanced biofuels and fuels, the contribution of which towards the target referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy content:
(a) Algae if cultivated on land in ponds or photobioreactors.
(b) Biomass fraction of mixed municipal waste, but not separated household waste subject to recycling targets under point (a) of Article 11(2) of Directive 2008/98/EC i.
(c) Bio-waste as defined in Article 3(4) of Directive 2008/98/EC i from private households subject to separate collection as defined in Article 3(11) of that Directive.
(d) Biomass fraction of industrial waste not fit for use in the food or feed chain, including material from retail and wholesale and the agro-food and fish and aquaculture industry, and excluding feedstocks listed in part B of this Annex.
(e) Straw.
(f) Animal manure and sewage sludge.
(g) Palm oil mill effluent and empty palm fruit bunches.
(h) Tall oil and Ttall oil pitch.
(i) Crude glycerine.
(j) Bagasse.
(k) Grape marcs and wine lees.
(l) Nut shells.
(m) Husks.
(n) Cobs cleaned of kernels of corn.
(o) Biomass fraction of wastes and residues from forestry and forest-based industries, i.e. bark, branches, pre-commercial thinnings, leaves, needles, tree tops, saw dust, cutter shavings, black liquor, brown liquor, fibre sludge, lignin and tall oil.
(p) Other non-food cellulosic material as defined in point (s) of the second paragraph of Article 2.
(q) Other ligno-cellulosic material as defined in point (r) of the second paragraph of Article 2 except saw logs and veneer logs.
(r) Renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin.
(s) Carbon capture and utilisation for transport purposes, if the energy source is
renewable in accordance with point (a) of the second paragraph of Article 2.
(t) Bacteria, if the energy source is renewable in accordance with point (a) of the second paragraph of Article 2.
Part B. Feedstocks for the production of biofuels , the contribution of which towards the minimum share established in Article 25(1) is limited target referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy content:
(a) Used cooking oil.
(b) Animal fats classified as categories 1 and 2 in accordance with Regulation (EC)
No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council 37
new
(c) Molasses that are produced as a by-product from of refining sugarcane or sugar beets provided that the best industry standards for the extraction of sugar has been
respected.
2015/1513 Art. 2.13 and Annex II.3
37 Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and
derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 i (Animal by-products Regulation) (OJ L 300, 14.11.2009,
-
p.1).
new
ANNEX X
Part A: Maximum contribution from liquid biofuels produced from food or feed crops to the EU renewable energy target as referred to in Article 7 paragraph 1
Calendar year Maximum share
2021 7.0%
2022 6.7%
2023 6.4%
2024 6.1%
2025 5.8%
2026 5.4%
2027 5.0%
2028 4.6%
2029 4.2%
2030 3.8%
Part B: Minimum shares of energy from advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Annex IX, renewable transport fuels of non-biological origin, waste-based fossil fuels and renewable electricity, as referred to in Article 25(1)
Calendar year Minimum share
2021 1.5 %
2022 1.85 %
2023 2.2 %
2024 2.55 %
2025 2.9 %
2026 3.6 %
2027 4.4 %
2028 5.2 %
2029 6.0 %
2030 6.8 %
Part C: Minimum shares of energy from advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in Part A of Annex IX as referred to in Article 25(1)
Calendar year Minimum share
2021 0.5 %
2022 0.7%
2023 0.9 %
2024 1.1 %
2025 1.3 %
2026 1.75 %
2027 2.2 %
2028 2.65 %
2029 3.1 %
2030 3.6 %
ANNEX XI
Part A
Repealed Directive with list of the successive amendments thereto (referred to in Article 34)
Directive 2009/28/EC i of the European
Parliament and of the Council
(OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16)
Council Directive 2013/18 i/EU
(OJ L 158, 10.6.2013, p. 230)
Directive (EU) 2015/1513 Only Article 2
(OJ L 239, 15.9.2015, p. 1)
Part B
Time-limits for transposition into national law
(referred to in Article 34)
Directive Time-limit for transposition
2009/28/EC 25 June 2009
2013/18/EU 1 July 2013
(EU) 2015/1513 10 September 2017
ANNEX XII
Correlation table
Directive 2009/28/EC i This Directive
Article 1 Article 1
Article 2, first subparagraph Article 2, first subparagraph
Article 2, second subparagraph, introductory Article 2, second subparagraph, introductory wording wording
Article 2, second subparagraph, point a Article 2, second subparagraph, point a
Article 2, second subparagraph, points b, c and — d
— Article 2, second subparagraph, point b
Article 2, second subparagraph, points e, f, g, Article 2, second subparagraph, points c, d, e, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v and w f ,g, h, i ,j, k, l, m ,n, o, p, q, r, s, t and u
— Article 2, second subparagraph, points x, y, z, aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh, ii, jj, kk, ll, mm, nn, oo, pp, qq, rr, ss, tt and uu
Article 3 —
— Article 3
Article 4 —
— Article 4
— Article 5
— Article 6
Article 5, paragraph 1, subparagraphs 1, 2 and Article 7, paragraph 1, subparagraphs 1, 2 and 3 3
— Article 7, paragraph 1, subparagraph 4
Article 5, paragraph 2 —
Article 5, paragraphs 3 and 4 Article 7, paragraphs 2 and 3
— Article 7, paragraphs 4 and 5 Article 5, paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 Article 7, paragraphs 6, 7 and 8
Article 6 Article 8
Article 7 Article 9
Article 8 Article 10
Article 9 Article 11
Article 10 Article 12
Article 11 Article 13
Article 12 Article 14
Article 13, paragraph 1, subparagraph 1 Article 15, paragraph 1, subparagraph 1
Article 13, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2 Article 15, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2
Article 13, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2, — points a and b
Article 13, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2, Article 15, paragraph 1, subparagraph 2, points c, d ,e and f points a, b, c and d
Article 13, paragraph 2 Article 15, paragraph 2
— Article 15, paragraph 3
Article 13, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 Article 15, paragraphs 4, 5 and 6
Article 13, paragraph 6, first subparagraph Article 15, paragraph 7, first subparagraph
Article 13, paragraph 6, subparagraphs 2,3,4 — and 5
— Article 15, paragraphs 8 and 9
— Article 16
— Article 17
Article 14 Article 18
Article 15, paragraphs 1 and 2 Article 19, paragraphs 1 and 2
Article 15, paragraph 3 —
— Article 19, paragraphs 3 and 4 Article 15, paragraphs 4 and 5 Article 19, paragraphs 5 and 6
Article 15, paragraph 6, first subparagraph, Article 19, paragraph 7, first subparagraph, point a point a
Article 15, paragraph 6, first subparagraph, Article 19, paragraph 7, first subparagraph, point b (i) point b (i)
— Article 19, paragraph 7, first subparagraph, point b (ii)
Article 15, paragraph 6, first subparagraph, Article 19, paragraph 7, first subparagraph, point b (ii) point b (iii)
— Article 19, paragraph 7, second subparagraph
Article 15, paragraph 7 Article 19, paragraph 8
Article 15, paragraph 8 —
Article 15, paragraphs 9 and 10 Article 19, paragraphs 9 and 10
— Article 19, paragraph 11
Article 15, paragraphs 11 and 12 Article 19, paragraphs 12 and 13
Article 19, paragraph 14
Article 16, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 —
Article 16, paragraphs 9, 10 and 11 Article 20, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3
— Article 21
— Article 22
— Article 23
— Article 24
— Article 25
Article 17, paragraph 1, first and second Article 26, paragraph 1, first and second subparagraphs subparagraphs
— Article 26, paragraph 1, third and fourth subparagraphs
Article 17, paragraph 2, first and second — subparagraphs
Article 17, paragraph 2, third subparagraph Article 26, paragraph 7, third subparagraph
Article 17, paragraph 3, first subparagraph Article 26, paragraph 2, first subparagraph
— Article 26, paragraph 2, second subparagraph
Article 17, paragraph 4 Article 26, paragraph 3
Article 17, paragraph 5 Article 26, paragraph 4
Article 17, paragraphs 6 and 7 —
Article 17, paragraph 8 Article 26, paragraph 9
Article 17, paragraph 9 —
— Article 26, paragraphs 5, 6 and 8
— Article 26, paragraph 7, first and second subparagraphs
— Article 26, paragraph 10
Article 18, paragraph 1, first subparagraph Article 27, paragraph 1, first subparagraph
Article 18, paragraph 1, first subparagraph, Article 27, paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point a, b and c points a, c and d
— Article 27, paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point b
Article 18, paragraph 2 —
— Article 27, paragraph 2
Article 18, paragraph 3, first subparagraph Article 27, paragraph 3, first subparagraph
Article 18, paragraph 3, second and third — subparagraphs
Article 18, paragraph 3, fourth and fifth Article 27, paragraph 3, second and third subparagraphs subparagraphs
Article 18, paragraph 4, first subparagraph —
Article 18, paragraph 4, second and third Article 27, paragraph 4, first and second subparagraphs subparagraphs
Article 18, paragraph 4, fourth subparagraph — Article 18, paragraph 5 Article 27, paragraph 5
Article 18, paragraph 6, first and second Article 27, paragraph 6, first and second subparagraphs subparagraphs
Article 18, paragraph 6, third subparagraph —
Article 18, paragraph 6, fourth subparagraph Article 27, paragraph 6, third subparagraph
— Article 27, paragraph 6, fourth subparagraph
Article 18, paragraph 6, fifth subparagraph Article 27, paragraph 6, fifth subparagraph
Article 18, paragraph 7, first subparagraph Article 27, paragraph 7, first subparagraph
— Article 27, paragraph 7, second subparagraph
Article 18, paragraphs 8 and 9 —
Article 19, paragraph 1, first subparagraph Article 28, paragraph 1, first subparagraph
Article 19, paragraph 1, first subparagraph, Article 28, paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point a, b and c point a, b and c
— Article 28 paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point d
Article 19, paragraph 2, 3 and 4 Article 28, paragraph 2, 3 and 4
Article 19, paragraph 5 —
Article 19, paragraph 7, first subparagraph Article 28, paragraph 5, first subparagraph
Article 19, paragraph 7, first subparagraph, — first, second third and fourth indents
Article 19, paragraph 7, second subparagraph Article 28, paragraph 5, second subparagraph
Article 19, paragraph 7, third subparagraph, Article 28, paragraph 5, third subparagraph introductory words
Article 19, paragraph 7, third subparagraph, Article 28, paragraph 5, third subparagraph point a
Article 19, paragraph 7, third subparagraph, — point b
Article 19, paragraph 8 Article 28, paragraph 6
Article 20 Article 29 Article 22 —
Article 23, paragraphs 1 and 2 Article 30, paragraphs 1 and 2
Article 23, paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 —
Article 23, paragraph 9 Article 30, paragraph 3
Article 23, paragraph 10 Article 30, paragraph 4
Article 24 —
Article 25, paragraph 1 Article 31, paragraph 1
Article 25, paragraph 2 —
Article 25, paragraph 3 Article 31, paragraph 2
Article 25a, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Article 32, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6
— Article 32, paragraph 4
Article 26 —
Article 27 Article 33
— Article 34
Article 28 Article 35
Article 29 Article 36
Annex I Annex I
Annex II Annex II
Annex III Annex III
Annex IV Annex IV
Annex V Annex V
Annex VI —
— Annex VI
Annex VII Annex VII
Annex VIII Annex VIII Annex IX Annex IX
— Annex X
— Annex XI
— Annex XII
| 2 dec '16 |
Voorstel voor een RICHTLIJN VAN HET EUROPEES PARLEMENT EN DE RAAD ter bevordering van het gebruik van energie uit hernieuwbare bronnen (herschikking) PROPOSAL |
Secretary-General of the European Commission 15120/16 |