Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/… and repealing Regulations (EC) No 78/2009, (EC) No 79/2009 and (EC) No 661/2009 - Hoofdinhoud

Council of the European Union

Brussels, 17 May 2018 (OR. en)

9006/18

Interinstitutional File: 2018/0145 (COD) i

ENT 90 IND 135 MI 352 ENV 306 TRANS 201 CODEC 779 IA 132

PROPOSAL

From: Secretary-General of the European Commission, signed by Mr Jordi AYET PUIGARNAU, Director

date of receipt: 17 May 2018

To: Mr Jeppe TRANHOLM-MIKKELSEN, Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union

No. Cion doc.: COM(2018) 286 final i

Subject: Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND

OF THE COUNCIL on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/… and repealing Regulations (EC) No 78/2009 i, (EC) No 79/2009 i and (EC) No 661/2009

Delegations will find attached document COM(2018) 286 final i.

Encl.: COM(2018) 286 final i

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Brussels, 17.5.2018 COM(2018) 286 final i

2018/0145 (COD) i

Proposal for a

REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their

general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/… and repealing Regulations (EC) No 78/2009 i, (EC) No

79/2009 and (EC) No 661/2009

(Text with EEA relevance)

{SEC(2018) 270 final} - {SWD(2018) 190 final} - {SWD(2018) 191 final}

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

• 1. 

  CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL

• Reasons for and objectives of the proposal

Technological change is touching all parts of society and the economy and transforming the lives of EU citizens. Transport is no exception to this trend. New technologies are radically changing the mobility landscape. Against this background, the EU and its industries must meet the challenge to become a world leader in innovation, digitisation, and decarbonisation. The Commission has therefore adopted a comprehensive approach to ensure that the EU's mobility policies reflect these political priorities in the form of three "Europe on the Move" mobility packages.

Following the Low-Emission Mobility Strategy, the Commission adopted two mobility packages in May and November 2017 1 . These packages set out a positive agenda delivering on the low-emission mobility strategy and ensuring a smooth transition towards clean, competitive and connected mobility for all. The European Commission calls on the European Parliament and the Council to ensure the rapid adoption of these proposals.

This initiative is part of the Third "Europe on the Move" mobility package, which delivers on the new industrial policy strategy of September 2017, and is designed to complete the process of enabling Europe to reap the full benefits of the modernisation of mobility. It is essential that tomorrow's mobility system is safe, clean and efficient for all EU citizens. The aim is to make European mobility safer and more accessible, European industry more competitive, European jobs more secure, and to be cleaner and better adapted to the imperative of tackling climate change. This will require the full commitment of the EU, Member States and stakeholders, including in strengthening the requirements for safety features in road vehicles.

Road safety is a pan-European issue that is addressed through an integrated approach. Policies are traditionally structured around three pillars: road users (drivers, pedestrians and cyclists), vehicles and infrastructure.

Over the past decades, road safety significantly improved. However, progress in the reduction of road fatalities rates has stalled in recent years. According to EU statistics, since 2013, there have been no significant decreases in the number of road fatality in the Union 2 . Whereas some Member States are still making considerable progress every year, some others are even recording increases in fatalities leading to stagnation in EU-wide road fatality rates.

A revised framework better adapted to the changes in mobility resulting from societal trends (e.g. more cyclists and pedestrians, an aging society) and technological developments is necessary. It is expected that without new initiatives on road safety in general, the safetyeffects of the current approach can no longer off-set the increasing traffic volumes. The complex situation calls for a dynamic policy adjustment that addresses the major challenges in a consistent and effective way across the entire spectrum of road safety policies. In terms of vehicle safety, this implies mandating a broad range of advanced safety measures as standard equipment for the relevant vehicle categories and improved protection of vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, cyclists and those of small stature and the elderly.

1 COM(2017) 283 final i and COM(2017) 675 final i

The current proposal addresses the main problem of persistent high number of road accidents that in turn leads to a high number of fatalities and severe injuries and provides measures to increase safety at vehicle level so as to either avoid and lower the number of accidents or lower the severity of un-avoided accidents to limit the number of fatalities and severe injuries. This proposal has to be viewed in close relation with other initiatives, part of the Third Mobility Package such as, for example, the proposed amendments to the directive on road infrastructure safety management 3 . They also aim at contributing to the reduction of the number of fatalities and injuries on EU roads and, thus, share a common horizon and interlink with each other. Moreover, certain in-vehicle systems, such as the lane-keeping system and the intelligent speed assistance, rely on a well-maintained road infrastructure (road marking, signs and cameras). Therefore, the road infrastructure and vehicle safety proposals complement each other in certain areas and enable in-vehicle systems to realise their full safety potential.

On the other hand, the overall vehicle and infrastructure safety framework needs to take into account developments in connected and automated driving, which are advancing at high speed. Therefore, there is also close link with the Commission's Strategy on Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) 4 and the proposal for an EU strategy for mobility of the future 5 . In order to become future-proof, vehicles not only have to be ready for the new technological developments in the infrastructure, but they will also have to take the lead and pave the way towards allowing fully automated driving. For this reason, mandating advanced safety features for vehicles still today will help the drivers to gradually get accustomed to the new features and will enhance public trust and acceptance in the transition toward autonomous driving.

The proposal is also fully in line with the Council conclusions based on the Valletta Declaration, in which transport ministers reconfirmed their commitment to improving road safety 6 and notably called upon the Commission to enhance the protection of road users, and in particular vulnerable road users, by ensuring the deployment of new safety features for vehicles.

• Consistency with existing policy provisions in the policy area

Directive 2007/46/EC i 7 (to be replaced by a Regulation which will apply as of 1 September 2020 8 ) sets out harmonised safety and environmental requirements that motor vehicles have to comply with before being placed on the internal market, thus facilitating the free movement of vehicles. It provides a framework under which a multitude of separate regulatory acts with specific technical requirements for the different types of vehicles are operating.

3 Directive 2004/54/EC i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network, OJ L 167, 30.4.2004, p. 39–91

4 Communication from the Commission “A European strategy on Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems, a milestone towards cooperative, connected and automated mobility” (COM/2016/0766 final)

5 Communication from the Commission "On the road to automated mobility: An EU strategy for mobility of the future" (COM/2018/283)

6 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/valletta_declaration_on_improving_ road_safety.pdf

7 OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1.

8 COM (2016) 31 final i.

In this context, the General Vehicle Safety Regulation (GSR) 9 , the Pedestrian Safety Regulation (PSR) 10 and the Hydrogen Safety Regulation (HSR) 11 are separate regulatory acts within the EU type-approval procedure. The technical requirements for the type approval of motor vehicles with regard to numerous safety and environmental elements have been harmonised at Union level in order to avoid requirements that differ from one Member State to another, and to ensure a high level of health and safety standards across the Union.

Article 17 of the GSR and Article 12 of the PSR both require that the Commission monitors technical developments in enhanced safety technologies and consider possible extension of the scope of the currently applicable vehicle safety features to other/all vehicle categories, mandating new advanced safety features in an updated Union legislation and improving the protection of vulnerable road users.

In compliance with the above mentioned requirements, this proposal provides for the necessary adjustments of the current Union legislation to technical progress and at the same time introduces new vehicle safety features with high potential of saving lives on roads.

The proposal is also consistent with Regulation (EU) 2015/758 12 , which requires from 31 March 2018 all new types of passenger cars and vans to be fitted with an eCall system, which in case of a serious crash automatically dials the European single emergency number 112. It is estimated that eCall could speed up emergency response times and save up to 2500 lives a year. While eCall helps mitigating the consequences of serious road accidents across the EU, the current proposal aims at avoiding road accidents or lowering the severity of un-avoided accidents to decrease the number of fatalities and severe injuries.

• Consistency with other Union policies

In more general terms, this proposal will contribute to the priorities linked to growth, jobs and investment in the Union, promoting the most efficient innovations and retaining quality jobs in Europe and to digitalisation of the internal market via the promotion of safety features that are considered key enabling technologies to boost and support the wide-scale deployment of automated vehicles in the Union.

• 2. 

  LEGAL BASIS, SUBSIDIARITY AND PROPORTIONALITY

• Legal basis

The legal basis of this initiative is Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

9 Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor, OJ L 200, 31.7.2009, p. 1.

10 Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users, amending Directive 2007/46/EC i and repealing Directives 2003/102/EC i and 2005/66/EC, OJ L 35, 4.2.2009, p. 1.

11 Regulation (EC) No 79/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type-approval of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC i, OJ L 35, 4.2.2009, p. 32.

12 Regulation (EU) 2015/758 of the Europeqan Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system based on the 112 service and amending Directive 2007/46/EC i, OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 77.

• Subsidiarity (for non-exclusive competence)

The subsidiarity principle applies insofar as the proposal does not fall under the exclusive competence of the Union. The objectives of the proposal cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States for the following reasons:

Technical requirements for type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to numerous safety and environmental elements have been harmonised at Union level and action by Member States alone would undermine the whole vehicle type-approval system. Union action is necessary because of the need to avoid the emergence of barriers to the single market and will better achieve the objectives of the proposal because it will avoid fragmentation of the internal market which would otherwise arise and will enhance the safety and environmental performance of vehicles. The proposal therefore complies with the subsidiarity principle.

• Proportionality

As showed in the impact assessment, the proposal complies with the proportionality principle because it does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve the objectives of reducing the number of fatalities on Union roads, while at the same time ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market and providing for a high level of public safety and environmental protection.

This proposal reflects the highest safety standards for all vehicles, including light commercial vehicles (category N1), for which the costs for the preferred policy option (PO3) somewhat exceed the benefits. However, in this case additional considerations are taken into account, such as the need for policy coherence, ensuring a level playing field for all car manufacturers in the internal market, avoiding workers' exposure to higher risks and the possibility for manufacturers of lowering the costs due to economies of scale and the fact that light commercial vehicles often share platform and other hardware with passenger cars. Furthermore, since a lead time is provided for manufacturers to allow them to adapt to new requirements, the current proposal is seen as proportionate.

In addition, the proposal provides for simplification of the regulatory environment which will reduce the administrative costs for national authorities and industry. It is also concluded in the impact assessment that the envisaged policy measures will have no major impacts on SMEs (see Section 6.3).

• Choice of the instrument

The proposal concerns three interrelated regulations – the general vehicle safety, pedestrian safety and hydrogen safety – hence, the instrument chosen is also a regulation. Given the substantive amendments proposed, the fact that the provisions of the PSR and the HSR are to a large extent outdated and need to be replaced by the respective UN Regulations (No 127 and 134) and in view of further simplification of the legislation, it appeared appropriate to propose a new legal act to replace and repeal the three regulations and their outdated implementing measures altogether.

• 3. 

  RESULTS OF EX-POST EVALUATIONS, STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

• Ex-post evaluations/fitness checks of existing legislation

The General Safety Regulation was not subject to an ex-post evaluation.

• Stakeholder consultations

The formal Commission’s public consultation on the proposal took place between 31 July and

22 October 2017 and was preceded by additional targeted consultations, namely:

– a general stakeholder engagement in July 2014 in the framework of the 124th meeting of the Working Group on Motor Vehicles (the Commission's expert group involving public and private stakeholders);

– a follow-up targeted (face-to-face) stakeholder two-day consultation event in October 2014.

– at the 131st meeting of the Working Group on Motor Vehicle, held on 16 February 2016, the Commission presented to the Member States and stakeholders a set of 19 potential measures that could be considered for the revision of the GSR and PSR;

– in November 2016, a further intensive stakeholder consultation took place (72 attendees representing 32 scholars/research organisations, safety advocacy groups, vehicle manufacturers, vehicle supplier industry, local/national governments and other relevant experts).

The key objectives of these extensive consultations were, on the one hand, to inform

stakeholders of the Commission’s views on the way forward as regards vehicle safety, and, on

the other hand, to present to all stakeholders in the most transparent way possible, all data,

parameters, expert views and their sources that would form the backbone of the impact

assessment in terms of data sets, in particular, the vehicle safety system voluntary uptake rates, technology cost, technology effectiveness and traffic victim target population. Those

consultations also allowed the stakeholder’s judgement and validation of the key data used as

being sufficiently and appropriately robust, relevant and up-to-date. The outcome of the

consultations was subsequently used as a basis for the preparation of the proposal and the accompanying impact assessment.

• Collection and use of expertise

In March 2015, the Commission published the study ''Benefit and Feasibility of a Range of New Technologies and Unregulated Measures in the fields of Vehicle Occupant Safety and Protection of Vulnerable Road Users" 13 , in the context of the foreseen revision of the GSR and PSR. The study contains an overview of over 50 available safety measures that could contribute to reduce further road fatalities and injuries (including benefit/cost ratios).

In December 2016, the Commission published a report for the European Parliament and the Council entitled "Saving Lives: Boosting Car Safety in the EU” 14 . The staff working document accompanying that report 15 identifies and puts forward 19 potential regulatory measures that would be effective for further reducing road accidents and casualties.

13 http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/benefit-and-feasibility-of-a-range-of-new-technologies-and-unregulated href="http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/benefit-and-feasibility-of-a-range-of-new-technologies-and-unregulated-measures-in-the-field-of-vehicle-occupant-safety-and-protection-of-vulnerable-road-users-pbNB0714108/;pgid=Iq1Ekni0.1lSR0OOK4MycO9B0000BAJ9tQVy;sid=OT_-Ap3uO3P-V8j2wGFgpf_Lm_yCUpo9P-w=">measures-in-the-field-of-vehicle-occupant-safety-and-protection-of-vulnerable-road-users

href="http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/benefit-and-feasibility-of-a-range-of-new-technologies-and-unregulated-measures-in-the-field-of-vehicle-occupant-safety-and-protection-of-vulnerable-road-users-pbNB0714108/;pgid=Iq1Ekni0.1lSR0OOK4MycO9B0000BAJ9tQVy;sid=OT_-Ap3uO3P-V8j2wGFgpf_Lm_yCUpo9P-w=">pbNB0714108/;pgid=Iq1Ekni0.1lSR0OOK4MycO9B0000BAJ9tQVy;sid=OT_-Ap3uO3P- V8j2wGFgpf_Lm_yCUpo9P-w=

14 Reporting on the monitoring and assessment of advanced vehicle safety features, their cost effectiveness and feasibility for the review of the regulations on general vehicle safety and on the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users” (COM (2016) 787 final i)

15 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=SWD:2016:431:FIN

In view of the preparation of the impact assessment to this initiative, in May 2017, the Commission published a second study "In depth cost-effectiveness analysis of the identified measures and features regarding the way forward for EU vehicle safety" containing a more detailed cost benefit/effectiveness assessment for the selected 19 potential regulatory measures 16 .

• Impact assessment

The initiative is supported by an impact assessment which received a positive opinion with reservations after having been reviewed on 17 January 2018 by the Regulatory Scrutiny Board (RSB). The reservations of the RSB concerned three main aspects:

• - 

  The RSB was of the opinion that the impact assessment report did not sufficiently delimit the expected contribution of this initiative within the comprehensive approach to road safety of the Safe System and it did not well explain the relationship and complementarity with the parallel road infrastructure safety initiative.

• - 

  The RSB also indicated that there was no coherence between the problem (stagnation in the reduction of road fatalities), its drivers, the objectives of the initiative and the design of options.

• - 

  The RSB pointed to the fact that the report was still not clear on how the individual measures were selected and what their estimated costs and benefits were, as well as the role and opinions of stakeholders in this process.

The opinion also noted the relevance of the REFIT dimension of the initiative and the need to deliver greater detail on the preference for policy option 3 for light commercial vehicles.

The following additions were made in the final impact assessment to address these reservations:

– clarifications on the relationship and complementarity of this initiative with the parallel initiative on road infrastructure safety are provided in Section 1.4.;

– the initiatives are put into the context of the common baseline approach, explaining their respective contributions to the common objectives and the methodologies of the studies behind them so as to show how avoidance of double counting is ensured (details provided in Section 2.1. and Annex 4);

– details on the Safe System approach as well as more possible reasons for the stagnation in the reduction of road fatalities rates (in the context of accident sources, population diversity, road user factors and general driving behaviour concerns) are also added to Section 2.1.;

– a new Section 2.2., which binds the main road safety problems to those linked to vehicles and vehicle safety performance, is included with the aim of better comprehension of the structure of the problem definition and the drivers that are arguably of a less holistic nature, but much more to the point on vehicle system level, while being still fully relevant;

–– the intervention logic in Sections 5.1. to 5.4. is made more consistently linked to the main problems, objectives and options. Changes in the naming of the objectives and options

16 GSR 2, TRL, May 2017: https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/77990533- 9144-11e7-b92d-01aa75ed71a1

clarify that this initiative is not focussing on the protection of specific groups of traffic participants, while neglecting the others, and the objectives are further clarified with the notion of protection in case of an accident together with potential to completely prevent and avoid accidents from happening altogether;

– Section 5 now explains the interaction and role of the stakeholders in the process of selection of individual measures and assessment of their benefits and effectiveness (in multiple steps), as well as how the final costs and benefits assessment of individual measures vis-à-vis clustered measures are developed through stakeholder input;

– Section 2.8. is modified to better explain the expected simplification of the legislative framework, the way forward in terms of possible outdated regulatory dispositions, and giving indications on future updates of vehicle safety rules; and

– justification and clarification of the choice to include light commercial vehicles in policy option 3 are added to Section 8 pointing out that most European manufacturers already provide for safer than currently required vehicles, the level playing field for manufacturers, vehicle design synergies, cost sharing, stakeholder opinions and the increased risk of harm to a limited category of people, namely workers using light commercial vehicles in their workplace.

The executive summary of the impact assessment report and the opinion of the RSB are published under these links:

[…]

[…]

The impact assessment examined three broad policy options:

• Option 1 'Generalisation of mature and widely available safety features' consists on mandating safety features/systems for which technology is mature. They will mainly protect car occupants. Implementation will start from the date of application of the Regulation.

• Option 2 'Introducing widely available and less commonly available safety features as standard equipment' consists of Option 1 plus safety features that are currently also available and fitted to the vehicle fleet, but which are less common and need more time to fully mature for all vehicle categories and market segments (implementation starts from 24 months after the date of application of the Regulation). It also contains measures ensuring driver's attention to the driving task and an overall protection of vulnerable road users.

• Option 3 'Introduction of a full set of safety features boosting innovation' consists of Option 2 plus additional safety solutions that are feasible and already exist in the marketplace, although with a low fitment rate and market uptake, but have the potential to maximise the overall casualties savings in the Union and to boost safety solution innovation in the key automotive sector. The only feature with an extended implementation date in comparison to the two previous options is the requirement for direct visibility of vulnerable road users by the drivers of trucks (implementation starts from 48 months after the date of application of the Regulation).

The preferred choice is option 3. This option is expected to prevent the highest number of fatalities and severe injuries for vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users at an overall acceptable cost. It also ensures a consistent and non-discriminatory approach towards all vehicle categories.

The expected benefits are as follows:

• It is expected that over a 16 year period, the introduction of the new safety features will help to reduce fatalities by 24 794 and serious injuries by 140 740.

• The present value benefit is EUR 72.8 billion.

• It is also expected that there will be reduced road congestion due to avoided collisions, although these benefits could not be quantified. There should however be a reduced loss of time (citizens), increased productivity (businesses), and better use of existing road infrastructure (administrations).

• It is finally also expected that there will be reduced vehicle emissions and improved air quality due to speed assistance systems and tyre pressure monitoring, although these benefits could also not be quantified.

The expected costs are as follows:

• The anticipated total costs (one-off and ongoing production costs) for car manufacturers will amount to EUR 57.4 billion present value cost.

• No substantial increases in vehicle retail prices are expected due to the proposed new vehicle safety measures in the medium and long term and consequently no extraordinary impact on vehicle sales numbers was modelled for the cost-benefit analysis.

• No specific additional costs are expected for national administrations, as the new vehicle safety features will become part of the existing type-approval framework.

The overall benefit/cost indicators:

• It represents an overall net benefit of EUR 15.4 billion.

• The ‘best estimate’ benefit to cost ratio of the preferred option is BCR 1.27

• Regulatory fitness and simplification

This proposal is not expected to have any significant impact on the regulatory burden for manufacturers or national authorities, as vehicle type-approval is already covered by the existing legislative framework and the inclusion of any new safety features is to be integrated within that framework.

Although the relevant vehicle testing and certification procedures can be performed within the existing type-approval infrastructure available in the Member States, additional testing and certification cost will be applicable. These costs are however insignificant 17 in relation to the

17 Fitness Check of the Legal Framework for the Type-Approval of Motor Vehicles - http://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/evaluation/search/download.do?documentId=9407681

overall cost of the development of a new vehicle model (typically ranging from several hundred millions to several billions euros).

The currently applicable GSR did not only introduce a range of vehicle safety measures, but also aimed to achieve simplification based on the CARS21 High Level Group recommendations 18 by replacing 38 EC Directives with equivalent and world-wide harmonised UN Regulations. In the same vein, this proposal is to repeal several EU Regulations implementing the GSR, PSR and HSR and to replace them by equivalent UN Regulations, to which the Union has adhered to in the meantime. It also further simplifies the legislation by consolidating these three regulations in one single legislative act.

• Fundamental rights

The proposal may impact individuals’ rights guaranteed under Article 7 and 8 of the Charter, as regards privacy and protection of personal data. Some of the data collected in the event data recorder or through the systems to be installed in the vehicle, such as driver drowsiness and attention monitoring or advanced distraction recognition, may be personal data relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. An identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person. Any processing of personal data should be carried out in accordance with EU legislation on data protection, in particular the General Data Protection Regulation 19 .

• 4. 

  BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS

The proposal will have no implications on the Union budget.

• 5. 

  OTHER ELEMENTS

• Implementation plans and monitoring, evaluation and reporting arrangements

The European Commission will continue to monitor technical progress developments in the automotive sector and, wherever appropriate, will propose to amend the relevant legislation in order to include new safety features. It will also continue to actively participate and lead the vehicle standard harmonisation process at international level (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe − UNECE).

In order to make the new Regulation future proof, it has been deemed more appropriate to address any review of these vehicle safety rules in a more dynamic fashion, namely linked to the overall technical progress and occurrences of new safety needs. In this context, the international regulatory developments through UNECE as well as the frequent need for the adaptation of those rules tend to prompt this reviewing process automatically.

18 COM(2007) 22 final i – CARS 21 High Level Group was mandated to make recommendations for the short, medium and the long term public policy and regulatory framework for the European automotive industry that enhances global competitiveness and employment while sustaining further progress in safety and environmental performance at a price affordable to the consumer:

  http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/1891/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf 19 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the

protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC i (General Data Protection Regulation), OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1–88.

The Commission is determined to promote and support the development as soon as possible of the detailed technical requirements for the advanced vehicle systems at the UNECE level. Nevertheless, The Commission is committed to establish those requirements under the EU type-approval framework should the preparation at UNECE does not advance at the required speed. The Commission will also endeavour to ensure that the UN Regulations adopted with the support of the Union are defined according to the highest standards of road safety technology available and are regularly updated.

On the other hand, the introduction of an event (accident) data recorder (EDR), storing a range of crucial vehicle data over a short timeframe before, during and after a triggering event (most commonly airbag deployment), should be seen as an important step in the right direction to obtain an EU-wide in-depth accident data, which does not exist today on an enough extensive scale, but is indispensable for a comprehensive monitoring of the road safety performance of vehicles. The information from the EDR will facilitate the in-depth road safety analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of specific safety measures. For this reason Member States should be strongly encouraged to perform more thorough accident analysis on Union roads and make available comprehensive reporting on a national basis. In this context Member States should also be further stimulated in their activities to analyse and improve road safety on national level through different knowledge sharing platforms at their disposal 20 .

• Explanatory documents (for directives)

Not applicable.

• Detailed explanation of the specific provisions of the proposal

In general terms, this proposal refers to Regulation (EU) 2018/[…] on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, since both Regulations share a compatible time line for their application.

Chapter I (Subject matter, Scope and Definitions):

Article 1 – Following the proposed consolidation of the GSR and PSR, the subject matter of the GSR is maintained in this proposal with the addition of a reference to the requirements for protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users.

Article 2 – In general, the scope of the GSR is preserved, however, at the level of the currently applicable vehicle safety features and related exemptions, the scope of application has been extended to cover also other vehicle categories (or all of them) and to remove the respective exemptions (for example, the current exemptions linked to SUVs and vans are eliminated).

Article 3 – A range of new definitions is included to cover the newly introduced vehicle safety features.

Chapter II (Articles 4 to 11):

20 https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/national-road-safetystrategies_en.pdf

Following a similar logic as in the currently applicable GSR, Article 4 sets out the general technical requirements for type-approval of vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units and provides a list of safety areas, for which detailed rules are further developed (or need to be developed) in secondary legislation. Reference is made to Annex I that lists all the UN Regulations which shall apply on a compulsory basis in the EU, and to Annex II, which contains detailed information on the relevant vehicle safety requirements, their scope of application and the related secondary legislation, whether it already exists or whether it needs to be developed as part of the initiative.

This proposal also envisages empowerment for the Commission to amend lay down detailed rules and technical requirements in delegated acts and to amend Annexes I and II to take account of technical progress and regulatory developments at United Nations and Union level.

Article 5 extends the scope of the currently applicable requirement to fit passenger cars with a tyre pressure monitoring system to cover all vehicle categories.

Article 6 mandates a range of advanced vehicle safety features for all vehicles (e.g. the intelligent speed assistance; driver drowsiness and attention monitoring/distraction recognition systems; reversing detection; alcohol interlock installation facilitation).

Article 7 lays down the specific requirements for cars and vans and, in particular requires them to be equipped with an event (accident) data recorder and to be designed and constructed with an enlarged head impact protection zone for vulnerable road users.

Article 8 lays down the requirements for frontal protection systems.

Article 9 lays down the specific requirements for trucks and busses and, in particular requires them to be equipped with a detection and warning system for vulnerable road users in close proximity of the front and nearside of the vehicle and to be designed and constructed in such a way so as to improve the visibility of vulnerable road users from driver's seat.

The Commission does not propose to modify advanced emergency braking systems for trucks and buses to autonomously brake upon detection of vulnerable road users, as is proposed for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. The accident analysis underpinning the initiative points to a run-over risk of pedestrians and cyclists when they are in very close proximity of the driver’s cab, i.e. in what are known as “blind zones”, and when the heavy duty vehicle is moving very slowly (straight or turning) or taking-off from a standstill. However, the detection systems linked to autonomous braking may not work as effectively at these slow speeds. In other words, no systems are available today that would effectively prevent this type of slow speed run-over event and it is uncertain if and when they will exist. The assessment indicated that this is not a mere matter of system programming. Instead, the preparatory research has supported that the signalling of the presence of a vulnerable road user to the driver is more effective when the latter can directly observe their presence through mirrors or improved windscreens and side windows that do not contain blind zones. In turn, pedestrians and cyclists are expected to feel safer in traffic because they can have eye contact with drivers of improved cabs. However, if autonomous braking in these instances becomes technically feasible, the relevant regulation can and should be adapted to technical progress.

Article 10 lays down the specific requirements for hydrogen-powered vehicles and Annex V contains the material qualification requirements for the hydrogen systems and their components.

Article 11 lays down specific requirements for automated vehicles and, in particular provides a list of areas of safety, for which detailed rules and technical provisions need to be further developed as a basis for the deployment of automated vehicles.

Chapter III (Final provisions):

It is proposed to empower the Commission to adopt delegated acts with the aim to update the annexes to technical progress and regulatory developments, as well as to lay down detailed rules concerning the specific procedures, tests and technical requirements for the typeapproval of vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units with regard to the specific requirements set out in this proposal. Article 12 specifies the terms of the delegated powers conferred to the Commission in that respect.

Article 13 sets out transitional provisions.

Article 14 refers to the implementation dates for the different safety requirements as specified in Annex II. The respective implementation dates for the newly introduced requirements are as follows:

– the bulk of the safety measures will start to apply from the date of application of the Regulation for new types and 24 months after this date to all newly produced vehicles;

– a limited number of measures (three in total) will apply from 24 months after the date of application of the Regulation for new types and 48 months after the date of application to all new vehicles;

– the requirements on the improved direct visibility for trucks and buses (Article 9(4)) need a longer implementation timeline as they will require a complete redesign of the cab – it will apply from 48 months after the date of application of the Regulation to new types and from 84 months after the application date to all new trucks and busses.

Article 15 introduces the necessary changes in Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2018/[…] that stem from the adoption of this proposal.

Article 16 repeals the three regulations (on general vehicle safety, pedestrian safety and hydrogen safety) and their outdated secondary legislation 21 .

Article 17 provides for the date of application of this regulation as of 36 months from the date of its entry into force. This will allow the Commission to adopt the respective delegated acts in advance and to provide sufficient lead time to manufacturers to adjust to the new requirements.

21 All the implementing measures adopted under Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny will be aligned, on the basis of the empowerments provided for the Commission in this proposal, with the new comitology framework introduced by the TFEU.

2018/0145 (COD) i

Proposal for a

REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their

general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/… and repealing Regulations (EC) No 78/2009 i, (EC) No

79/2009 and (EC) No 661/2009

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,

After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee 22 ,

Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions 23 ,

Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure,

Whereas:

• (1) 

  Regulation (EU) 2018/… of the European Parliament and of the Council 24+ lays down administrative provisions and technical requirements for the type-approval of new vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units with a view to ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market and in order to offer a high level of safety and environmental performance.

• (2) 

  This Regulation is a regulatory act for the purposes of the EU type-approval procedure laid down by Regulation (EU) 2018/… + . Therefore, Annex II to that Regulation should be amended accordingly.

• (3) 

  Over the past decades, developments in vehicle safety have contributed significantly to the overall reduction in the number of road fatalities and severe injuries. However, these reductions have recently stalled in the Union due to various factors, such as structural and behavioural factors, and without new initiatives on general road safety,

22 OJ C , , p. .

23 OJ C , , p. .

24 Regulation (EU) 2018/… of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 i and (EC) No 595/2009 and repealing Directive 2007/46/EC i (OJ L …, ….., p. …)

• + 

  PO: please insert in the text the number of the Regulation contained in document PE-CONS No73/17 (2016/0014 (COD) i) and insert the number, date and OJ reference of that Regulation in the footnote.

  the safety effects of the current approach will no longer be able to off-set the effects of increasing traffic volumes. Therefore, the safety performance of vehicles needs to be further improved as part of an integrated road safety approach and in order to protect vulnerable road users better.

• (4) 

  Technical progress in the area of advanced vehicle safety systems offers new possibilities for reducing casualty numbers. In order to minimise the number of fatalities, some of the relevant new technologies need to be introduced.

• (5) 

  Within the context of Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council 25 , the Commission assessed the feasibility of extending the existing requirement in that Regulation to install certain systems (for example, advanced emergency braking systems and tyre pressure monitoring systems) in certain categories of vehicle so that it applied to all vehicle categories. The Commission also assessed the technical and economic feasibility and market maturity of imposing a new requirement to install other advanced safety features. Based on those assessments, the Commission published a report for the European Parliament and the Council in December 2016 entitled "Saving Lives: Boosting Car Safety in the EU” 26 . The staff working document accompanying that report identified and put forward 19 potential regulatory measures that would be effective in further reducing the number of road accidents and road fatalities and injuries.

• (6) 

  Intelligent speed assistance, lane-keeping systems, driver drowsiness and attention monitoring and distraction detection and reversing detection systems have a high potential to reduce casualty numbers considerably. In addition, those systems are based on technologies which will be used for the deployment of connected and automated vehicles too. Therefore, harmonised rules and test procedures for the typeapproval of vehicles as regards those systems and for the type-approval of those systems as separate technical units should be established at Union level.

• (7) 

  The introduction of event (accident) data recorders storing a range of crucial vehicle data over a short timeframe before, during and after a triggering event (for example, the deployment of an airbag) is a valuable step in obtaining more accurate, in-depth accident data. Motor-vehicles should therefore be required to be equipped with such recorders. It should also be a requirement that such recorders are capable for recording and storing data in such a way that the data can be used by Member States to conduct road safety analysis and assess the effectiveness of specific measures taken.

• (8) 

  Any processing of personal data, such as information about the driver processed in event (accident) data recorders or information about the driver on drowsiness and attention monitoring or advanced distraction recognition, should be carried out in accordance with EU legislation on data protection, in particular the General Data

25 Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor, OJ L 200, 31.7.2009, p. 1.

26 COM (2016) 787 final i

Protection Regulation 27 . In addition, the processing of personal data collected through the 112-based eCall in-vehicle system is subject to specific safeguards 28 .

• (9) 

  Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i exempted vans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and multipurpose vehicles (MPVs) from safety requirements due to seating height and vehicle mass characteristics. Given the increased rate of market penetration of such vehicles (up from only 3% in 1996 to 14% in 2016) and the technological developments in post-crash electric safety checks, those exemptions are outdated and unjustified. Therefore, the exemptions should be removed and the whole range of advanced vehicle system requirements should be applied to those vehicles.

• (10) 

  Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i achieved significant simplification of Union legislation by replacing 38 Directives with equivalent Regulations of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN Regulations) that are mandatory under Council Decision 97/836/EC i 29 . In order to achieve further simplification, more Union rules should be replaced with existing UN Regulations that apply in the Union on a compulsory basis. Furthermore, the Commission should promote and support the ongoing work at United Nations level in order to establish, without any delay and in accordance with the highest road safety standards available, technical requirements for the type-approval of the vehicle safety systems provided by this Regulation.

• (11) 

  UN Regulations and the amendments thereto which the Union has voted in favour of or that the Union applies, in accordance with Decision 97/836/EC i, should be incorporated within the Union type-approval legislation. Accordingly, the power should be delegated to the Commission to amend the list of UN Regulations that apply on a compulsory basis to ensure that it is kept up-to-date.

• (12) 

  Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council 30 sets out requirements for the protection of pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users in the form of compliance tests and limit values for the approval of vehicles with regard to their front structure and for the approval of frontal protection systems (for example, bull-bars). Since the adoption of Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 i, technical requirements and test procedures for vehicles have developed further at United Nations level to take account of technical progress. UN Regulation No 127 31 currently also applies in the Union in respect to type-approval of motor vehicles.

27 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC i (General Data Protection Regulation), OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1.

28 Regulation (EU) 2015/758 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system based on the 112 service and amending Directive 2007/46/EC i, OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 77.

29 Council Decision 97/836/EC i of 27 November 1997 (OJ L 346, 17.12.1997, p. 78).

30 Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type approval of motor vehicles with regard to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users, amending Directive 2007/46/EC i and repealing Directives 2003/102/EC i and 2005/66/EC, OJ L 35, 4.2.2009, p. 1.

31 Regulation No 127 laying down uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to their pedestrian safety performance

• (13) 

  Following the adoption of Regulation (EC) No 79/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council 32 , the technical requirements and test procedures for the approval of hydrogen-powered vehicles and hydrogen systems and components, have been further developed at United Nations level to take account of technical progress. UN Regulation No 134 33 currently also applies in the Union in respect of type-approval of hydrogen systems in motor vehicles. In addition to those requirements, criteria for the quality of the materials used in compressed hydrogen vehicle systems also apply but are currently only established at Union level.

• (14) 

  In the interests of clarity, rationality and simplification, Regulations (EC) No 78/2009 i, (EC) No 79/2009 i and (EC) No 661/2009 should be repealed and replaced by this Regulation.

• (15) 

  Historically, Union rules have limited the overall length of truck combinations which resulted in the typical cab-over-engine designs as they maximise the cargo space. However, the high position of the driver led to an increased blind spot area and poorer direct visibility around the truck cab. This is a major factor for truck accidents involving vulnerable road users. The number of casualties could be reduced significantly by improving direct vision. Requirements should therefore be introduced to improve the direct vision.

• (16) 

  Given the emphasis of EU vehicle safety regulations to protect vulnerable road users, inter alia, by ensuring adequate visibility for drivers, public and private entities should refrain from requiring the affixing of any kind of label, vignette or sticker meant for whichever purpose to any part of the transparent surface of the vehicles’ glazing. Furthermore, national authorities should enforce that windscreens and side windows are indeed kept clear of labels, vignettes, stickers and any other vision impairing items as to not negate the effectiveness of the Union law on visibility for drivers.

• (17) 

  Automated and connected vehicles may be able to make a huge contribution in reducing road fatalities since in the region of 90 per cent of road accidents are estimated to result from human error. As automated vehicles will gradually be taking over tasks of the driver, harmonised rules and technical requirements for automated vehicle systems should be adopted at Union level.

• (18) 

  Vehicle platooning has the potential to bring about safer, cleaner and more efficient transport in the future. In anticipation of the introduction of platooning technology and the relevant standards, a regulatory framework with harmonised rules and procedures will be needed. In this regard, the Commission should be empowered to adopt delegated acts to establish a harmonised format for the exchange of data for the purposes of multi-brand vehicle platooning, in compliance with EU legislation on data protection.

• (19) 

  The Union should continue to promote the development of technical requirements for tyre noise, rolling resistance and wet grip performance of tyres at the United Nations level. This is because UN Regulation No 117 now contains these detailed provisions. The process of adapting the requirements on tyres to take account of technical progress should continue at United Nations level, in particular to ensure that tyre performance

32 Regulation (EC) No 79/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type approval of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC i, OJ L 35, 4.2.2009, p. 32.

33 UN Regulation No 134 on uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles and their components with regard to the safety-related performance of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles (HFCV)

is also assessed at the end of a tyre's life in its worn state and to promote the idea that tyres should meet the requirements throughout their life and not be replaced prematurely. Existing requirements in Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i relating to tyre performance should be replaced by equivalent UN Regulations.

• (20) 

  In order to ensure the effectiveness of this Regulation, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the Commission in respect of type-approval requirements concerning the safety performance, the general construction and the relevant environmental performance of motor-vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making 34 . In particular, to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as Member States' experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts.

• (21) 

  In view of the alignment of the Union legislation referring to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny with the legal framework introduced by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and in order to further simplify the Union legislation in the field of vehicle safety, the following Regulations should be repealed and replaced by delegated acts adopted under this Regulation:

  – Commission Regulation (EC) No 631/2009 i 35 ,

  – Commission Regulation (EU) No 406/2010 i 36 ,

  – Commission Regulation (EU) No 672/2010 i 37 ,

  – Commission Regulation (EU) No 1003/2010 i 38 ,

  – Commission Regulation (EU) No 1005/2010 i 39 ,

34 OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1.

35 Commission Regulation (EC) No 631/2009 i of 22 July 2009 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users, amending Directive 2007/46/EC i and repealing Directives 2003/102/EC i and 2005/66/EC (OJ L 195, 25.7.2009, p. 1).

36 Commission Regulation (EU) No 406/2010 i of 26 April 2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No 79/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles (OJ L 122, 18.5.2010, p. 1).

37 Commission Regulation (EU) No 672/2010 i of 27 July 2010 concerning type-approval requirements for windscreen defrosting and demisting systems of certain motor vehicles and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 196, 28.7.2010, p. 5).

38 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1003/2010 i of 8 November 2010 concerning type-approval requirements for the space for mounting and the fixing of rear registration plates on motor vehicles and their trailers and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 291, 9.11.2010, p. 22).

39 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1005/2010 i of 8 November 2010 concerning type-approval requirements for motor vehicle towing devices and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 1008/2010 i 40 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 1009/2010 i 41 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 19/2011 i 42 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 109/2011 i 43 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 458/2011 i 44 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 65/2012 i 45 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 130/2012 i 46 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 347/2012 i 47 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 351/2012 i 48 ,

– Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 i 49 ,

European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 291, 9.11.2010, p. 36).

40 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1008/2010 i of 9 November 2010 concerning type-approval requirements for windscreen wiper and washer systems of certain motor vehicles and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 292, 10.11.2010, p. 2).

41 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1009/2010 i of 9 November 2010 concerning type-approval requirements for wheel guards of certain motor vehicles and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 292, 10.11.2010, p. 21).

42 Commission Regulation (EU) No 19/2011 i of 11 January 2011 concerning type-approval requirements for the manufacturer’s statutory plate and for the vehicle identification number of motor vehicles and their trailers and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 8, 12.1.2011, p. 1).

43 Commission Regulation (EU) No 109/2011 i of 27 January 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards type-approval requirements for certain categories of motor vehicles and their trailers as regards spray suppression systems (OJ L 34, 9.2.2011, p. 2).

44 Commission Regulation (EU) No 458/2011 i of 12 May 2011 concerning type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers with regard to the installation of their tyres and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 124, 13.5.2011, p. 11).

45 Commission Regulation (EU) No 65/2012 i of 24 January 2012 implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards gear shift indicators and amending Directive 2007/46/EC i of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 28, 31.1.2012, p. 24).

46 Commission Regulation (EU) No 130/2012 i of 15 February 2012 concerning type-approval requirements for motor vehicles with regard to vehicle access and manoeuvrability and implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (OJ L 43, 16.2.2012, p. 6).

47 Commission Regulation (EU) No 347/2012 i of 16 April 2012 implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council with respect to type-approval requirements for certain categories of motor vehicles with regard to advanced emergency braking systems (OJ L 109, 21.4.2012, p. 1).

48 Commission Regulation (EU) No 351/2012 i of 23 April 2012 implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards type-approval requirements for the installation of lane departure warning systems in motor vehicles (OJ L 110, 24.4.2012, p. 18).

– Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/166 50 .

• (22) 

  Given that approvals issued in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 i, Regulation (EC) No 79/2009 i, Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i and their implementing measures should be considered equivalent, unless the relevant requirements are changed by this Regulation or until they are modified by the implementing legislation, transitional provisions should ensure that such approvals are not invalidated.

• (23) 

  As concerns the dates for refusal to grant EU type-approval, refusal of vehicle registration and prohibition of the placing on the market or entry into service of components and separate technical units, these dates should be laid down for each regulated item.

• (24) 

  Since the objective of this Regulation, namely ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market through the introduction of harmonised technical requirements concerning the safety and environmental performance of motor vehicles and their trailers, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of its scale and effects, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective.

• (25) 

  Detailed technical requirements and specific test procedures for type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units should be laid down in delegated acts before the date of application of this Regulation. Moreover, manufacturers should be allowed sufficient time to adapt to the requirements of this Regulation and the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it. Therefore, the application of this Regulation should be deferred,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

CHAPTER I

SUBJECT MATTER, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

Article 1

Subject matter

This Regulation establishes requirements:

• 1. 

  for the type-approval of vehicles, and systems, components and separate technical units designed and constructed for vehicles, with regard to their general

49 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 i of 12 December 2012 implementing Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to type-approval requirements for masses and dimensions of motor vehicles and their trailers and amending Directive 2007/46/EC i of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 353, 21.12.2012, p. 31).

50 Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/166 of 3 February 2015 supplementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the inclusion of specific procedures, assessment methods and technical requirements, and amending Directive 2007/46/EC i of the European Parliament and of the Council, and Commission Regulations (EU) No 1003/2010 i, (EU) No 109/2011 i and (EU) No 458/2011 (OJ L 28, 4.2.2015, p. 3).

characteristics and safety, and to the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users;

• 2. 

  for the type-approval of vehicles, in respect of tyre pressure monitoring systems, with regard to their safety, fuel efficiency and CO 2 emissions; and

• 3. 

  for the type-approval of newly-manufactured tyres with regard to their safety and environmental performance.

Article 2

Scope

This Regulation applies to vehicles of categories M, N and O, as defined in Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2018/…, and to systems, components and separate technical units designed and constructed for such vehicles, subject to Articles 4 to 11 of this Regulation.

Article 3

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the definitions laid down in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2018/… shall apply.

In addition, the following definitions shall apply:

• (1) 

  'vulnerable road user' means a road user using a two-wheel powered vehicle or a nonmotorised road user, such as a cyclist or a pedestrian;

• (2) 

  'tyre pressure monitoring system' means a system fitted on a vehicle which can evaluate the pressure of the tyres or the variation of pressure over time and transmit corresponding information to the user while the vehicle is running;

• (3) 

  'intelligent speed assistance' means a system to aid the driver in observing the appropriate speed for the road environment by providing haptic feedback through the accelerator pedal with speed limit information obtained through observation of road signs and signals, based on infrastructure signals or electronic map data, or both, made available in-vehicle;

• (4) 

  'alcohol interlock installation facilitation' means a standardised interface facilitating the fitment of aftermarket alcohol interlock devices in motor vehicles;

• (5) 

  'driver drowsiness and attention monitoring' means a system assessing the driver's alertness through vehicle systems analysis and warning the driver if needed;

• (6) 

  'advanced distraction recognition' means a system capable of recognition of the level visual attention of the driver to the traffic situation and warning the driver if needed;

• (7) 

  'emergency stop signal' means rapid flashing stop lamps to indicate to other road users to the rear of the vehicle that a high retardation force is being applied to the vehicle relative to the prevailing road conditions;

• (8) 

  'reversing detection' means a camera or monitor, optical or detection system to make the driver aware of people and objects at the rear of the vehicle with the primary aim to avoid collisions upon reversing;

• (9) 

  'lane departure warning system' means a system to warn the driver that the vehicle is drifting out of its travel lane;

• (10) 

  'advanced emergency braking system' means a system which can automatically detect a potential collision and activate the vehicle braking system to decelerate the vehicle with the purpose of avoiding or mitigating a collision;

• (11) 

  'lane-keeping system' means a system monitoring the position of the vehicle with respect to the lane boundary and applying a torque to the steering wheel, or pressure to the brakes, at least when a lane departure occurs or is about to occur and a collision may be imminent;

• (12) 

  'vehicle master control switch' means the device by which the vehicle’s on-board electronics system is brought, from being switched off, as in the case where a vehicle is parked without the driver being present, to normal operation mode;

• (13) 

  'event (accident) data recorder' means a system recording and storing critical crashrelated parameters and information before, during and after a collision;

• (14) 

  'frontal protection system' means a separate structure or structures, such as a bull bar, or a supplementary bumper which, in addition to the original-equipment bumper, is intended to protect the external surface of the vehicle from damage in the event of a collision with an object, with the exception of structures having a mass of less than 0,5 kg, intended to protect only the vehicle's lights;

• (15) 

  'bumper' means any front, lower, outer structures of a vehicle, including attachments thereto, which are intended to give protection to a vehicle when involved in a low speed frontal collision with another vehicle; it does not include however any frontal protection system;

• (16) 

  'hydrogen-powered vehicle' means any motor vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel to propel the vehicle;

• (17) 

  'hydrogen system' means an assembly of hydrogen components and connecting parts fitted on a hydrogen-powered vehicle, excluding the hydrogen-powered propulsion system or the auxiliary power unit;

• (18) 

  'hydrogen-powered propulsion system' means the internal combustion engine or fuel cell system used to propel the vehicle;

• (19) 

  'hydrogen component' means hydrogen containers and all other parts of hydrogenpowered vehicles that are in direct contact with hydrogen or which form part of a hydrogen system;

• (20) 

  'hydrogen container' means the component within the hydrogen system that stores the primary volume of hydrogen fuel;

• (21) 

  'automated vehicle' means a motor vehicle designed and constructed to move autonomously for extended periods of time without continuous human supervision;

• (22) 

  'driver availability monitoring system' means a system to assess whether the driver is in a position to take over the driving function from an automated vehicle in particular situations, where appropriate;

• (23) 

  'vehicle platooning' means the linking of two or more vehicles in a convoy using connectivity technology and automated driving support systems which allow the vehicles to maintain automatically a set, close distance between each other when connected for certain parts of a journey and to adapt to changes in the movement of the lead vehicle with little to no action from the drivers;

• (24) 

  'maximum mass' means the technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer;

• (25) 

  'A-pillar' means the foremost and outermost roof support extending from the chassis to the roof of the vehicle;

• (26) 

  'corner of frontal protection system' means the frontal protection system's point of contact with a vertical plane, which makes an angle of 60° with the vertical longitudinal plane of the vehicle and is tangential to the outer surface of the frontal protection system;

• (27) 

  'lower frontal protection system height' means, at any transverse position, the vertical distance between the ground and the lower frontal protection system reference line, with the vehicle positioned in its normal ride attitude.

CHAPTER II

OBLIGATIONS OF MANUFACTURERS

Article 4

General obligations and technical requirements

• 1. 

  Manufacturers shall demonstrate that all new vehicles that are placed on the market, registered or entered into service, and all new systems, components and separate technical units that are placed on the market or entered into service, are type-approved in accordance with the requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it.

• 2. 

  Type-approval in accordance with the UN Regulations listed in Annex I shall be considered as EU type-approval in accordance with the requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it.

• 3. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to amend Annex I in order to take account of technical progress and regulatory developments by introducing and updating references to the UN Regulations, and relevant series of amendments, that apply on a compulsory basis.

• 4. 

  Manufacturers shall ensure that vehicles are designed, constructed and assembled so as to minimise the risk of injury to vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users.

• 5. 

  Manufacturers shall also ensure that vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units comply with the applicable requirements listed in Annex II with effect from the dates specified in that Annex and with the detailed technical requirements and test procedures laid down in the delegated acts adopted pursuant to this Regulation, including the requirements relating to:

(a) restraint systems, crash testing, fuel system integrity and high voltage electrical safety;

(b) pedestrians, cyclists, vision and visibility;

(c) vehicle chassis, braking, tyres and steering;

(d) on board instruments, electrical system, vehicle lighting and protection against unauthorized use including cyberattacks;

(e) driver and system behaviour;

(f) general vehicle construction and features;

• 6. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to amend Annex II in order to take account of technical progress and regulatory developments, in particular in relation to the matters listed in points (a) to (f) of paragraph 5 of this Article and with a view to ensuring a high level of general safety of vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units and a high level of protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users.

• 7. 

  In order to ensure that a high level of general safety of vehicles and of protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users is attained, the Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to lay down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for type-approval of vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units with regard to the requirements listed in Annex II.

Article 5

Specific provisions relating to tyre pressure monitoring systems and tyres

• 1. 

  Vehicles shall be equipped with an accurate tyre pressure monitoring system capable of giving an in-vehicle warning to the driver when a loss of pressure occurs in a tyre, in the interests of optimum fuel consumption and road safety, over a wide range of road and environmental conditions.

• 2. 

  Tyre pressure monitoring systems shall be designed to avoid resetting or recalibration at a low tyre pressure.

• 3. 

  All tyres placed on the market shall meet the safety and environmental performance requirements set out in the respective regulatory acts listed in Annex II.

• 4. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to lay down detailed rules concerning specific test procedures and technical requirements for:

(a) the type-approval of vehicles with regard to their tyre pressure monitoring systems;

(b) the type-approval of tyres, including technical requirements concerning their installation.

Article 6

Advanced vehicle systems for all categories of motor vehicle

• 1. 

  Motor vehicles shall be equipped with the following advanced vehicle systems:

(a) intelligent speed assistance;

(b) alcohol interlock installation facilitation;

(c) driver drowsiness and attention monitoring;

(d) advanced distraction recognition;

(e) emergency stop signal;

(f) reversing detection.

• 2. 

  Intelligent speed assistance systems shall have the following minimum specifications:

(a) it shall be possible for the driver to feel through the accelerator pedal that the applicable speed limit is reached or exceeded;

(b) it shall not be possible to switch off or supress the system;

(c) it shall be possible for the driver to override the system’s prompted vehicle speed smoothly through normal operation of the accelerator pedal without need for kickdown;

(d) where a cruise control system is engaged, the intelligent speed assistance system must automatically adapt to any lower speed limit.

• 3. 

  A motor vehicle equipped with an advanced distraction recognition system in accordance with point (d) of paragraph 1, may be considered to meet the requirement in point (c) of that paragraph too.

• 4. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to lay down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for:

(a) the type-approval of vehicles with regard to the advanced vehicle systems listed in paragraph 1;

(b) the type-approval of the advanced vehicle systems listed in points (a) and (f) of that paragraph as separate technical units.

Article 7

Specific requirements relating to passenger cars and light commercial vehicles

• 1. 

  In addition to the other requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it that are also applicable to vehicles of categories M 1 and N 1 , vehicles of those categories shall meet the requirements set out in paragraphs 2 to 6 and in the delegated acts adopted under paragraph 7.

• 2. 

  Vehicles of categories M 1 and N 1 shall be equipped with advanced emergency braking systems designed and fitted in two phases and providing for:

(a) detection of moving vehicles and stationary obstacles ahead of the motor vehicle in the first phase;

(b) extending the detection capability to also include vulnerable road users ahead of the motor vehicle in the second phase.

• 3. 

  Vehicles of categories M 1 and N 1 shall be equipped with a lane-keeping system.

• 4. 

  Advanced emergency braking systems and lane-keeping systems shall meet the following requirements in particular:

(a) it shall be possible to switch off systems only one at a time, and only at standstill with the parking brake engaged, by a complex sequence of actions to be carried out by the driver;

(b) the systems shall be in normal operation mode upon each activation of the vehicle master control switch;

(c) it shall be possible to easily suppress audible warnings, but such action shall not at the same time suppress system functions other than audible warnings.

• 5. 

  Vehicles of categories M 1 and N 1 shall be equipped with an event (accident) data recorder.

Event (accident) data recorders shall meet the following requirements in particular:

(a) the data that they are capable of recording and storing with respect of the period before, during and after a collision shall include, as a minimum, the vehicle's speed, the state and rate of activation of its safety systems and any other relevant input parameters of the on-board active safety and accident avoidance systems;

(b) it shall not be possible to deactivate the devices;

(c) the way in which they are capable of recording and storing data shall be such that the data is protected against manipulation and can be made available to national authorities, on the basis of Union or national legislation in compliance with Regulation (EU) No 2016/679, over a standardised interface for the purposes of accident data analysis, and such that the precise vehicle type, version and variant, and in particular the active safety and accident avoidance systems fitted to the vehicle, can be identified.

However, the data that an event (accident) data recorder is capable of recording and storing shall not include the last four digits of the vehicle indicator section of the vehicle information number nor any other information which could allow the individual vehicle itself to be identified.

• 6. 

  Vehicles of categories M 1 and N 1 shall be designed and constructed so as to provide for an enlarged head impact protection zone with the aim of enhancing the protection of vulnerable road users and mitigating their potential injuries in the event of a collision.

• 7. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to lay down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for:

(a) the type-approval of vehicles with regard to the requirements laid down in paragraphs 2 to 6 of this Article;

(b) the type-approval of event (accident) data recorders as separate technical units.

Article 8

Frontal protection systems for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles

• 1. 

  Frontal protection systems, either fitted as original equipment to vehicles of categories M 1 and N 1 or made available on the market as separate technical units for such vehicles, shall comply with the requirements laid down in paragraph 2, in Annex IV and in the delegated acts adopted under paragraph 3 of this Article.

• 2. 

  Frontal protection systems made available on the market as separate technical units shall be accompanied by a detailed list of vehicle types, variants and versions for which the frontal protection system is type-approved, as well as by clear assembly instructions.

• 3. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to lay down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of frontal protection systems referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, including technical requirements concerning their construction and installation.

Article 9

Specific requirements relating to buses and trucks

• 1. 

  In addition to the other requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it that are also applicable to vehicles of categories M 2 , M 3 , N 2 and N 3 , vehicles of those categories shall meet the requirements laid down in paragraphs 2 to 5 and in the delegated acts adopted under paragraph 7. Vehicles of categories M 2 and M 3 , shall also meet the requirement laid down in paragraph 6.

• 2. 

  Vehicles of categories M 2 , M 3 , N 2 and N 3 shall be equipped with a lane departure warning system and an advanced emergency braking system, which comply with the requirements set out in the delegated acts adopted under paragraph 7.

• 3. 

  Vehicles of categories M 2 , M 3 , N 2 and N 3 shall be equipped with advanced systems capable of detecting vulnerable road users located in close proximity to the front or nearside of the vehicle and providing a warning or avoiding collision with such vulnerable road users.

• 4. 

  With respect of systems referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article, they shall meet the following requirements in particular:

(a) it shall be possible to switch off systems only one at a time, and only at standstill with the parking brake engaged, by a complex sequence of actions to be carried out by the driver;

(b) the systems shall be in normal operation mode upon each activation of the vehicle master control switch;

(c) it shall be possible to easily suppress audible warnings, but such action shall not at the same time suppress system functions other than audible warnings.

• 5. 

  Vehicles of categories M 2 , M 3 , N 2 and N 3 shall be designed and constructed so as to enhance the direct visibility of vulnerable road users from the driver seat.

• 6. 

  Vehicles of categories M 2 and M 3 with a capacity exceeding 22 passengers in addition to the driver and constructed with areas for standing passengers to allow frequent passenger movement shall be designed and constructed so as to be accessible by persons with reduced mobility, including wheelchair users.

• 7. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to lay down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for:

(a) the type-approval of vehicles with regard to the requirements laid down in paragraphs 2 to 5 of this Article;

(b) the type-approval of the systems referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article as separate technical units.

Article 10

Specific requirements relating to hydrogen-powered vehicles

• 1. 

  In addition to the other requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it that are also applicable to vehicles of categories M and N, hydrogen-powered vehicles of those categories, their hydrogen systems and components of such systems shall comply with the requirements laid down in Annex V and in the delegated acts adopted under paragraph 3 of this Article.

• 2. 

  Manufacturers shall ensure that hydrogen systems and hydrogen components are installed in accordance with the requirements set out in the delegated acts adopted under paragraph 3. Manufacturers shall also make available, if necessary information for the purposes of inspection of hydrogen systems and components during the service life of hydrogen-powered vehicles.

• 3. 

  The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to:

(a) lay down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of hydrogen-powered vehicles with regard to their hydrogen systems and for the type-approval of hydrogen components, including requirements for their installation.

(b) to amend Annex V in order to adapt it to technical progress.

Article 11

Specific requirements relating to automated vehicles

• 1. 

  In addition to the other requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it that are applicable to vehicles of the respective categories, automated vehicles shall comply with the requirements set out in the delegated acts adopted under paragraph 2 relating to:

(a) systems to replace the driver’s control of the vehicle, including steering, accelerating and braking;

(b) systems to provide the vehicle with real-time information on the state of the vehicle and the surrounding area;

(c) driver readiness monitoring systems;

(d) event (accident) data recorders for automated vehicles;

(e) harmonised format for the exchange of data for instance for multi-brand vehicle platooning.

• 2. 

  In order to ensure the safe operation of automated vehicles on public roads, the Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 to lay down requirements relating to the systems and other items listed in points (a) to (e) of paragraph 1 of this Article, and to lay down detailed rules concerning the specific test procedures and technical requirements for the type-approval of automated vehicles with regard to those requirements.

CHAPTER III

FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 12

Exercise of the delegation

• 1. 

  The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.

• 2. 

  The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Articles 4(3), 4(6), 4(7), 5(4), 6(4), 7(7), 8(3), 9(7), 10(3) and 11(2) shall be conferred on the Commission for an indeterminate period of time from [PO: Please insert the date of entry into force of this Regulation].

• 3. 

  The delegation of power referred to in Articles 4(3), 4(6), 4(7), 5(4), 6(4), 7(7), 8(3), 9(7), 10(3) and 11(2) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

• 4. 

  Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making.

• 5. 

  As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.

• 6. 

  A delegated act adopted under Article 4(3), 4(6), 4(7), 5(4), 6(4), 7(7), 8(3), 9(7), 10(3) or 11(2) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

Article 13

Transitional provisions

• 1. 

  This Regulation shall not invalidate any EU type-approval granted to vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units which were granted in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 78/2009 i, Regulation (EC) No 79/2009 i, Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 i and their implementing measures, by [PO: Please insert the date immediately preceding the date of application of this Regulation], unless the relevant requirements applying to such vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units have been modified or new requirements have been added by this Regulation and the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it.

• 2. 

  Approval authorities shall continue to grant extensions of EU type-approvals referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

• 3. 

  By way of derogation from this Regulation, Member States shall continue to permit until the dates specified in Annex VI the registration of vehicles, as well as the sale or entry into service of components, which do not comply with the requirements of the respective UN Regulations listed in that Annex.

Article 14

Implementation dates

With respect to vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units, national authorities shall:

(a) with effect from the dates specified in Annex II, for a particular requirement, refuse, on grounds relating to that requirement, to grant EU type-approval or national typeapproval in respect of new types of vehicle, systems, components or separate technical units which do not comply with the requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it;

(b) with effect from the dates specified Annex II, for a particular requirement, consider, on grounds relating to that requirement, certificates of conformity in respect to new vehicles to be no longer valid for the purposes of Article 48 of Regulation (EU) 2018/…, and prohibit the registration of such vehicles, which do not comply with the requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it;

(c) with effect from the dates specified in Annex II, for a particular requirement, prohibit, on grounds relating to that requirement, the placing on the market or entry into service of components and separate technical units, where they do not comply with the requirements of this Regulation and of the delegated acts adopted pursuant to it.

Article 15

Amendments to Regulation (EU) 2018/…

Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2018/… is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Regulation.

Article 16

Repeal

• 1. 

  Regulations (EC) No 78/2009 i, (EC) No 79/2009, (EC) No 631/2009 i and (EC) No 661/2009 and Regulations (EU) No 406/2010 i, (EU) No 672/2010, (EU) No 1003/2010 i, (EU) No 1005/2010, (EU) No 1008/2010 i, (EU) No 1009/2010, (EU) No 19/2011 i, (EU) No 109/2011, (EU) No 458/2011 i, (EU) No 65/2012, (EU) No 130/2012 i, (EU) No 347/2012, (EU) No 351/2012 i, (EU) No 1230/2012 i and (EU) No 2015/166 are repealed with effect from the date of application of this Regulation.

• 2. 

  References to Regulations (EC) No 78/2009 i, (EC) No 79/2009 i and (EC) No 661/2009 shall be construed as references to this Regulation.

Article 17

Entry into force and date of application

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from [PO: Please insert the date 36 months following the date of entry into force of this Regulation].

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels,

For the European Parliament For the Council

The President The President

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